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| A policy in which one country seeks to extend its authority by conquering other countries or by establishing economic and political dominance over other countries. |
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The belief that one race is superior to others.
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A social theory of the time made by Charles Darwin, which stated non-Europeans were considered to be on a lower scale of cultural and physical development because they had not made the scientific and technological progress that Europeans had.
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Dutch settlers that gradually took Africans’ land and established large farms. When the British took over the Cape Colony permanently in the early 1800s, they and the Boers clashed over British policy regarding land and slaves.
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| The emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. He successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other, all of whom were striving to bring Ethiopia into their spheres of influence. He became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889. He successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other, all of whom were striving to bring Ethiopia into their spheres of influence. In 1896, in one of the greatest battles in the history of Africa—the Battle of Adowa—Ethiopian forces successfully defeated the Italians and kept their nation independent. |
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| An interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products, played an important role in the fate of the Ottoman Empire. |
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| In 1853, war broke out between the Russians and the Ottomans. The Russians launched a war on the Ottomans to try to gain land on the Black Sea. The purpose was to give Russia a warm-weather port. |
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A human-made waterway that cutthrough the Isthmus of Suez. It connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean.
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| British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria. |
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| The rebellion of the sepoy soldiers, in which they captured the city of Delhi on May 10, 1857. It was caused by the rumour that the cartridges of the sepoys' new Enfield rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. The British were outraged and imprisoned the 85 rebels, which caused the outbreak of other sepoys. |
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Countries that border the Pacific Ocean.
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| Leader of the Filipino nationalists.The nationalists declared independence and established the Philippine Republic. |
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The adding of the territory to an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city.
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| Queen Liliuokalani[image] |
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| Hawaii’s only queen and the last monarch of Hawaii. She refused to renew a treaty signed by her brother that would have given commercial privileges to foreign businessmen. As a result of that, she was overthrown and Hawaii was turned into a republic before being annexed by the United States. |
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