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| A chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644. (p.469) Hongwu, the son of a peasant commanded the rebel army that drove the Mongols out of China in 1368. That same yea he became the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Stability was brought to China. Soon he became overcome with power and became a tyrant. He died and his son Yonglo took charge. The Ming Dynasty eneded because they were overtaken by the Manchus in 1644. This is when the Qing Dynast began. |
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| The Ming Dynast believed strongly that foreign trad is an important part of political power and prestige. They made the foreign states who wanted to trade pay atribute to the emperor, which was bassically political obediance to the Ming Dynasty |
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| People native to Manchuria who ruled China during yhe Qing Dynasty. From 1644 to 1912 (p.471) The poeple of that region invaded China in 1644. The Manchus took over Beijing and their leader became Emperor. Thne named their Dynasty, the Qing (Ching) Dynasty. The Manchus ruled China for more that 260 years. They brought Tiawan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet into China. |
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| The Qing Dynasty lasted from 1644-1912. It was ruled by the Manchus who took over Beijing in 1644. Much of the population resisted the non-chinese Manchus. The Manchus forced the men to wear their hair in a pigtail as a sign of submission to their rule. Eventually the Manchus gained the people's respect. They did this by upholding China's traditional confucianstic beliefs and their social structure. They helped China become safer and gain prosperity. Under Quian-Long (Ruled from 1736-1795) China reached it's greates size and prosperity. This was a time of new trade for a once isolated China. |
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| The divine approvel thought to be the basis of royal authority in Chinese history. (p.50) The Zhou brought this idea with them when they conquered the Shang and established their own Dynasty. The idea that royal authority comes from Heaven. A just ruler had divine approvel, known as the mandate of Heaven. A wicked or foolish King could lose the Mandate of Heaven, and therefore lost the right to rule. This system was similar to Divine right in Europe. The Mandate of Heaven is defined by the 5 confucian relationships. |
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| A conflict between the British and Chinese. Lasting from 1839 tp 1842 over Britian's Opium trade in China. (p.716) The growing supply of opium caused great problems for China. The Qing Emperor became angry. In 1839 one of his highest advisors wrote to England's Queen about the problem. The British refused to stop sending Opium. They had a war over the trade. The skirmishes were mainly over sea. Britian won. In 1842 they signed the peace treaty of Nanjing. This treaty gave Britian Hong Kong, one million dollars, and extraterritoriality. |
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| A mid-18th century rebellion against the Qing Dynasty in China. Led by Hong Xiuquan (p.717) Hong's army for the rebellion was made up of both men and women peasants. By 1853 1 million people had joined his rebel forces. That year Hong capured the city of Nanjing and declared it his capitol. The Taiping government controlled large parts of southeastern China. Over the next ten years the Qing regained control of China. British and French forces helped fight against the Tai-Ping. By 1864 they had crushed the 14 year rebellion, but China paid a terrible price. Armies had destroyed much fertile farming land, at least 20 million-and possibly twice that many- people died. |
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| The unequal treaties were defined as treaties that were not negotiated between two Nations. A term used in specific referance to the number of treaties imposed by Western powers on Asia. The treaties were often signed after suffering a defeat of foreign powers. |
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| The Tokugawa Shoguns was a society founded by the Teyasu and continued from 1600-1867. The Tokugawa Shoguns were welcomed into ruleby Japan. Japan enjoyed more than two centuries under their power with prosperity, stability, and isolation. The country was happy and prospering. However, many of the peasants still lived wuth heavy taxes and had lives full of misery. In general everyone benefitted from the blooming Japanese culture un the Tokugawa Shoguns. |
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| Toyotomi Hideyoshi was a great general who by 1950 was controlling most of the country throught the use of brute force and shrewd political alliances. Even though he had already conquered Japan. He was looking bigger. He wanted to overtake China. He invaded Korea in 1592, in hopes of reaching China. He failed and died in 1598. |
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| A Daimyo reffered to the powerful territorial lords in Japan who ruled from their land that was vast and hereditary. The term was used for another word as Lord sometimes. The first group was to call themeselves Daimyos. The shugodaimyo group. |
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| Mathew Perry was U.S naval officer who set off on an expedition that forced Japan in 1853-1854 to interact politically with the West. He was able to make the United States an equal force with Britian, France, and China. |
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| The treaty of Kanagawa was signed 1854, under the terms of the treaty Japan opened two ports at which American ships could take on suppllies. The treaty also allowed a U.S embassy in Japan. |
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| The eji Era was he name the Mutsuhito, a 15 year old emperor named his 45 year reign. The era lasted from 1867-1912. He came after the Tokugawa Shogun. |
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| The Mongul Empire was a huge empire during the 13th and 14th century. It had a populaion of over 3 million. It was known as the largest Empire in the world. The leader of tme Empire was Genghis Kan. Under his power the Empire was vastly prospering. |
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| The East India companies were created bu the British. The aim of the companies was to trade in India, but they ended up mostly trading in other parts of Asia. The company lasted from the 17th o the 19th century. It was almost like its own government. It ended because of the Sepoy Mutiny. |
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| The Sepoy's rebelled against the British because they heard the bullet's they had to bite were covered in animal fat/grease. This offended the sepoys religions. (Cows and pigs are sacred to their seperate religions.) So they rebelled in 1857. They took over the cities of Dehli and Kanpur. This ended the East India Company and created patriotism/ natinal pride. |
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| Extraterritoriality is the right of not being under the local law. It was opossed on China after the first Opium war. This act made it hard for a country to control their expacts. |
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| A sphere of influence is one place having cultural, economic, militiary, or political influence. During World War II Japan had quite a large sphere of influence over Korea, Manchuria, Vietnam, Taiwan, and parts of China. |
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| A pre-eminent political and idealogical leader of India during the Indian Independance movement. He pioneered satyagraha (not sure this is the spelling.) His teachings blended ideas from all major world religions including Hinduism, Jainsim, Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. He started the idea of a peaceful protest, or otherwise known as passive resistance. |
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| A 1900's rebellion in China, aimed at ending foregin influence in the country. Poor peasants and workers resented the special privelages given to foreginers. To express their discontent they formed a secret organization called the Righteous and Harmonious (check spelling) Fists. They soon became known as the boxers. Their campaign against the Dowger's Empress's rule and foreign privelages was called the Boxer Rebellion. |
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| Japan's victory over China changed the world's balance of power. The two countries soon went to warover Manchuria. Japan offered to recognize Russia's rights, but the Russians refused. In 1904 Japan launched an attack on Russian ships anchored off the coast of Manchuria. They settled the war with the treaty of portsmouth. |
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| A policiy, proposed by the U.S in 1899, under which all naion would have equal oppurtunities to trade in China. (p.718) The U.S created this idea because, they were worried that the other Nationas would soon divide China into formal colonies and shut out American traders. To prevent this, in 1899, the policy was declared. This proposed China's 'doors' be open to merchants of all Nations. |
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| 1869-1948. Ghandi was a lawyer, the british sent him to South Africa. He realized how terrible segregation was. He got rid of his western ways and went back to India. His whole life was dedicated to freeing India. Passive resistance was the idea of when you're told to do something you just don't do it. You don't fight or resist but protest peacefully. Britian agreed to give India independance at the end of World War II. This was their first all Indian governemnt. Ghandi was assasinated by a Hindu man. He created Pakistan for the islamic and wanted to abolish the CAS system. |
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