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Definition
| study of physiological mechanisms animals use to defend body from invasion by other organisms. |
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Definition
organisms that causes disease and include
bacteria /viruses /fungi /parasites |
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Definition
| collection of cells dedicated to protect the body against disease. |
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| types of immune responses |
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Definition
1) innate immune response: rapid but non specific response to infection
2) Adaptive immune response: days to weeks but specific immune response to infection |
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Term
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Definition
the physical and chemical barriers include skin, mucous membranes, lysozyme, and pH
the intrinsic cellular defenses act rapidly or locally within infected cells or nearby cells. the toll-like receptors detect pathogens cause cytokyne secretion and enzyme systems,
macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, complement, inflammation, phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
recognition of antigens
b and t lymphocytes
antibodies and effector T cells
the adaptive or "specific" immune system is activated by the “non-specific” and evolutionarily older innate immune system (which is the major system of host defense against pathogens in nearly all other living things). The adaptive immune response provides the vertebrate immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens (to generate immunity), and to mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. It is adaptive immunity because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges. |
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innate immunity:
1. SKIN
2. Mucous Membranes
3.Cilia |
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Definition
skin: barrier of epithelium protected by keratinized cells
mucosa: secrete mucous
cilia: continually remove mucous |
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| antimicrobial substances secreted by epithelial surfaces |
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Definition
sebum: fatty and lactic acids
defensins: antimicrobial peptides
lysozyme: peptidoglycan
Acid pH: stomach vagina skin |
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Definition
microbial antagonismThe normal flora are particularly important in the large intestine.
Normal flora are also found in the
nose
mouth
throat
skin
The normal flora protect us from disease by
1. Competing with invaders for space and nutrients
2. Producing compounds (bacteriocins) which kill other bacteria
3.Lowering the pH so that other bacteria can't grow |
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| normal flora commensal species |
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Definition
| microorganims that live in healthy human inhabit a particular niche called flora ex: gut flora |
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Definition
an innate immune response that happens at site of infection
macrophages secrete cytokines which induce the inflammation::::heat, pain, redness, swelling(adema), vasodilation, |
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| Their role is to phagocytose (engulf and then digest) cellular debris and pathogens, either as stationary or as mobile cells. They also stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to pathogens. |
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Definition
the cytokine induction of bone
marrow and inflammation! |
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| recognition mechanisms of innate immunity |
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Definition
| rapid response...fixed....limited number of specificities...constant during response and common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens |
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| recognition mechanisms of Adaptive immunity |
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Definition
| slow response (days to weeks) ...variable,,,numerous highly selective specificities...improve during response....common effector mechanisms for the destruction of pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| the formation of blood cellular componets it generates leukocytes(white blood cells), erythrocytes(Red blood cells), and megakaryocytes(source of plalets). |
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| primary or central lymphoid tissues |
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Definition
| the bone marrow and thymus |
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| secondary or peripheral lymphoid tissue |
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Definition
systemic: *spleen *lymph nodes
Mucosal Associated: *GALT(gut associated lymphoid tissue) Adenoids, tonsils, appendix, preyer's patches *Balt-respiratory mucosa *Malt-more diffuse mucosal tissues |
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| adaptive immunity initiates in _____? |
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Definition
| Adaptive immunity initiates in "secondary lymph tissues" |
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Definition
| the lymph node receiving the fluid from an infected site |
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