Term
| What is the final dilution when 0.5 mL of serum is added to 1.5 mL sterile saline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1.0 mL of dH2O is placed into each of 4 tubes. 1.0 mL of sample is added to the first tube. The tube is mixed and 1.0 mL serially diluted throughout the remaining tubes. What is the final dilution in Tube 1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1.0 mL of dH2O is placed into each of 4 tubes. 1.0 mL of sample is added to the first tube. The tube is mixed and 1.0 mL serially diluted throughout the remaining tubes. What is the final dilution in Tube 2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1.0 mL of dH2O is placed into each of 4 tubes. 1.0 mL of sample is added to the first tube. The tube is mixed and 1.0 mL serially diluted throughout the remaining tubes. What is the final dilution in Tube 3? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 1.0 mL of dH2O is placed into each of 4 tubes. 1.0 mL of sample is added to the first tube. The tube is mixed and 1.0 mL serially diluted throughout the remaining tubes. What is the final dilution in Tube 4? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
What is the principle of the nontreponemal tests? |
|
Definition
| Nonspecific tests that detect anticardiolipin ABY (reagin) |
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
Name 2 nonteponemal tests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
Define the term "biological false positive" |
|
Definition
| Reactive test due to a reason other than syphilis |
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
What are 2 examples of "biological false positive" |
|
Definition
| Autoimmune diseases (SLE), pregnancy, infectious diseases (TB, HIV) |
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
What is the principle of the treponemal tests? |
|
Definition
| Detect specific treponema pallidum ABYs |
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
Name 2 Treponemal tests |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to syphilis serology:
What test is appropriate for testing cerebrospinal fluid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to tularemia and Brucella ABY tests:
What is the principle of these tests? |
|
Definition
Bacterial Agglutination;
ABY + Bacterial cells --> Agglutination |
|
|
Term
With respect to tularemia and Brucella ABY tests:
When is the slide test used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to tularemia and Brucella ABY tests:
When is the tube test used? |
|
Definition
Confirm Positive Slide Tests
(24-48 hours incubation) |
|
|
Term
With respect to tularemia and Brucella ABY tests:
Since tularemia and Brucella ABYs can cross-react, how can these ABYs be distinguished? |
|
Definition
| Test each patient's serum against both AGNs. Higher titer will be seen with homologous AGNs. |
|
|
Term
| What is a four-fold rise in titer? What is its significance? |
|
Definition
| 2 Tube difference between acute & convalescent sera indicates current infection |
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the disease:
Rickettsia rickettsia |
|
Definition
| Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever |
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the disease:
Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
|
Definition
| Human Monocytic ehrlichiosis |
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the disease:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
|
Definition
| Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis |
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the disease:
Coxiella burnetii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the means by which it is diagnosed:
Rickettsia rickettsia |
|
Definition
| LA, IFA/EIA, DFA for RMSF AGN in skin |
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the means by which it is diagnosed:
Ehrlichia chaffeensis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the means by which it is diagnosed:
Anaplasma phagocytophilum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the MO, name the means by which it is diagnosed:
Coxiella burnetii |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which immunoglobulin class can cross the placenta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of IgM antibody specific for a given MO? |
|
Definition
| Indicates current/recent infection |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of a declining antibody titer in a baby that is a few months old? |
|
Definition
| Baby acquired that specific ABY from mother through placenta. The level of that ABY declines as the baby clears the mother's ABYs. |
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
What disease does this MO cause? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
What nonspecific ABYs are usually produced during this disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
What laboratory tests detect these nonspecific ABY tests? |
|
Definition
Paul-Bunnel (Monospot commercial version)
David Sohn Differential |
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
What "classic cells" are observed in blood smears when individuals have an acute infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
Name 2 specific EBV tests |
|
Definition
Anti-viral capsid AGN
Anti-Epstein-Barr |
|
|
Term
With respect to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV):
When should the specific EBV ABY test be performed? |
|
Definition
| When monospot test is Negative & patient has clinical and hematological evidence |
|
|
Term
With respect to the Weil-Felix test:
What is the principle of the test? |
|
Definition
| Individuals with certain rickettsial infections produce IgM ABYs that agglutinate certain proteus Ox AGNs |
|
|
Term
With respect to the Weil-Felix test:
Is this test sensitive and/or specific? |
|
Definition
| No, it is neither sensitive nor specific |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the streptozyme test? |
|
Definition
| RBCs coated with several different streptococcal AGNs including streptolysin O, DNAse B, Streptokinase, hyaluronidase, and NADase. If ABY present in test serum, RBCs Agglutinate. |
|
|
Term
| What is the principle of the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) test? |
|
Definition
| Patient's sample is serially diluted. Streptolysin O is added to serum. If ABYs to SLO are present, SLO is inactivated. RBCs added to test system to determine if SLO ABYs are present. RBCs do NOT lyse if SLO ABYs are present. Hemolysis indicates ABY is NOT present (or that it has been diluted out). |
|
|
Term
True or False:
RBCs do NOT lyse if SLO ABYs are present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
RBCs lyse if SLO ABYs are present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
In the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) test, Hemolysis indicates that the ABY is NOT present (or that it has been diluted out) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
In the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) test, NO Hemolysis indicates that the ABY is NOT present (or that it has been diluted out) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
In the anti-streptolysin O (ASO) test, Hemolysis indicates that the ABY is present (or that it has been diluted out) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cold agglutinins are associated with infections caused by which organisms? (Name 2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to Human Immunodeficiency Virus:
What is the primary test used to screen for HIV ABYs? (Name 2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to Human Immunodeficiency Virus:
Which test is typically used to confirm the presence of HIB ABYs? |
|
Definition
Western Blot
--Immunofluorescent test is also available |
|
|
Term
With respect to Hepatitis B virus:
What marker indicates an individual is highly infectious? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to Hepatitis B virus:
What marker is present when an individual has an immune response AFTER receiving the Hepatitis B virus vaccine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are cytopathic effect (CPE) changes? |
|
Definition
| Physical change in appearance of cells (cell culture) after incubation period |
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Dark Red Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Bright Red Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Gold Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Yellow Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Light Green Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Dark Green Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For each of the following hepatitis serology profiles, name the disease and its stage that have a Blue Background:
[image]
[image] |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Rotavirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Rotavirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Rotavirus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Influenza A&B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Influenza A&B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Influenza A&B |
|
Definition
Best Specimen: Nasopharyngeal
-Cultures
-AGN Detection
-Serology (usually for epidemiologic purposes) |
|
|
Term
| What does a Drift indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a Shift indicate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Tract Infections |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
|
Definition
-Culture in specialty labs
-Serology |
|
|
Term
| What Virus is the most common cause of lower respiratory infections in young children? |
|
Definition
| Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) |
|
|
Term
True or False:
RSV is the most common cause of lower respiratory infections in young children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Rubella |
|
Definition
German Measles
3 Day Measles |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Rubella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Rubella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Encephalitis virus - West Nile |
|
Definition
Encephalitis
(Flu-Like Symptoms) |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Encephalitis virus - West Nile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Encephalitis virus - West Nile |
|
Definition
-Culture in Specialty
-Serology |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Herpes Simplex (HSV 1 & 2) |
|
Definition
Recurrent Vesicular Lesions
Blisters - Fever, Genital, Whitlow, Neonatal |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Herpes Simplex (HSV 1 & 2) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Herpes Simplex (HSV 1 & 2) |
|
Definition
-Culture
-IFA (skin)
-Serology (to determine prior infection)
-Tzanch Prep
-PCR (CNS infections) |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell morphology is associated with Herpes Simplex (HSV 1 & 2) |
|
Definition
| Multinucleated Giant Cells |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
|
Definition
Usually asymptomatic.
Mononucleosis-like can disseminate & be severe in newborns and immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
|
Definition
| Via Body Fluids, Sexual Contact, & Perinatally |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
|
Definition
-Culture
-Immunofluorescent in Tissue |
|
|
Term
| With the Cytomegalovirus, problems can often be seen in what type of patients? |
|
Definition
| Immunocompromised, especially transplant patients |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Epstein-Barr Virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Epstein-Barr Virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Epstein-Barr Virus |
|
Definition
Heterophile ABY
Specific ABY |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Most adults are POSITIVE for Epstein-Barr Virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Most adults are NEGATIVE for Epstein-Barr Virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Human Papilloma Virus |
|
Definition
Warts
-common & plantar
-genital (condylmata acuminate) |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Human Papilloma Virus |
|
Definition
| Some Types are Sexually Transmitted |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Human Papilloma Virus |
|
Definition
Pap Smears / Biopsy
DNA Probes |
|
|
Term
True or False:
Some types of HPV are associated with cervical cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Hepatitis A |
|
Definition
"Infectious"
NO Chronic Disease |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Hepatitis A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Hepatitis A |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Hepatitis B |
|
Definition
"Serum"
Chronic Disease CAN Occur |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Hepatitis B |
|
Definition
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Hepatitis B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Hepatitis C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Hepatitis C |
|
Definition
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Hepatitis C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Virus is an important cause of None A / None B Hepatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Hepatitis D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Hepatitis D |
|
Definition
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Hepatitis D |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True or False:
Hepatitis D is often seen as a coinfection or superinfection to the Hepatitis B Virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Disease Associated with it:
Hepatitis E |
|
Definition
| Fulminant Disease in Pregnant Women |
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Mode of Transmission:
Hepatitis E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given the Virus, Name the Means by which it is often diagnosed:
Hepatitis E |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is Hepatitis E often seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
