Term
| Which of the following cells are activated by antigen in peripheral tissue and end up mainly in the Tcell zone of the secondary lymphoid tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
Adaptive immunity is characterized by the following EXCEPT:
A. Self and non self discrimination
B. Immunological memory
C. High diversity
D. First line of defense |
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Definition
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Term
| Antigen presenting cells perform the following function in an adaptive immune response: |
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Definition
Display MHC associated peptides on their cell surface for surveillance by T lymphocytes
(Recall: B cells are APCs and don't interact with the other APC) |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about the antigen presenting function of macrophages is NOT correct? |
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Definition
| FALSE: Macrophages express highly variable high affinity receptors for a variety of antigens. |
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Term
| Name 3 characteristics of macrophages |
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Definition
-
They are particulary important at presenting peptides derived from antigens that are internalized by phagocytosis
-
They become activated by the TH1 cells and as a result become efficient at killing the microbes
-
They present antigen to Tcells in the secondary lymphoid tissue
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Term
| What molecule has functions that connect the innate and adaptive immune response? |
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Definition
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Term
| B cells differ from other professional APCs because they: |
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Definition
| Present ONLY peptides from antigens they bind with their membrane BCR |
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Term
| The ability of cytotoxic Tcells to bind and destroy target cells depends on... |
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Definition
| Antigen presentation on the surface of the target cells via MHC I. |
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Term
| What additional co-stimulatory cell can aid an antigen presenting cell to activate a CD8 T cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______theory states that antigen reactive Bcell or Tcell has only a single type, or specificity, of antigen binding receptor on its surface |
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Definition
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Term
| Tcell activation requires two pairs of molecular interactions between a Tcell and an APC cell... |
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Definition
| TCR::MHC and B7 ligand::B7 |
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Term
| The main function of dendritic cells is... |
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Definition
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Term
| ____are responsible for the production of antibody against free pathogens and soluble products from pathogens while _____ destroy virally infected cells. |
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Definition
Bcells produce antibodies
Cytotoxic Tcells destroy virally infected cells |
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Term
| Adaptive cell mediated immunity involves the generation of activated antigen-specific effector... |
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Definition
TH1 (interacts with macrophages and dendrites)...
not TH2 because that interacts with Bcells (humoral response) |
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Term
| Once Tcells have received antigen plus co-stimulatory signals, they divide in response to IL-2 secreted by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following terms best describes the mode of action of IL-2. |
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Definition
*Autocrine - acts on the same cell that secreted it
Recall: Paracrine - secretes on other cells; Endocrine - acts systemically |
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Term
| Secondary lymphoid tissue |
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Definition
| Produce large numbers of activated antigen specific effector cells |
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Term
| Which of the following is a feature of MHC Class I molecules? |
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Definition
| Present antigenic peptides to CD8 Tcells Recall: MHC Class II presents to CD4. |
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Term
| Which of the following molecules is a co-receptor of TCR that binds to MHC II? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is NOT associated with negative selection of Tcells?
A. Recognition of foreign antigen
B. Negative selection removes Tcells expressing TCRs with high reactivity to self components so there is apoptosis
C. self tolerance and recognition of self peptide bound MHC molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| Double positive T cells express: |
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Definition
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Term
| Positive and negative selection of developing T cells: |
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Definition
| Are both necessary processes for acquisition of self tolerance. |
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Term
| Which of the following does NOT characterize MHC class II molecules? |
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Definition
Are essential for immune response of virus infected cells.
Recall: MHC Class II presents peptides to CD4+ T cells, are highly polymorphic and are engaged in the presentation of antigens of extracellular origin |
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Term
| Mature naive single positive Tcells... |
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Definition
| Are ready to undergo antigen presentation. |
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Term
| The important activation signal for naive CD4 Tcells is... |
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Definition
| Interaction of TCR with MHC/peptide complex and co-stimulatory signal |
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Term
| What molecule is essential to the activity of an APC and not present in other cells such as epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What molecule is essential to the activity of an APC and not present in other cells such as epithelial cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a pathogen is able to evade phagocytosis by blocking phago-lysosome fusion in macrophages, which immune effector cell is important in the destruction of this pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
| They thymus dependent Bcell activation by T effector cells requires that B cells... |
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Definition
| Process and present peptide antigen on the B cell surface by Class II MHC molecules |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Professional antigen presentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Innate immune response only |
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Definition
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Term
| T independent B cell activation |
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Definition
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Term
| T dependent B cell activation |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a characteristic of thymus dependent B cell activation? |
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Definition
| Induces immunological memory |
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Term
| A characteristic secondary immune response after a first encounter with a pathogen: |
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Definition
| The thymus dependent activation of B cells for production of high affinity antigen specific IgG. |
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Term
| Thymus independent Bcell activation does NOT involve: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of cells from blood vessels to surrounding tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| The preferrential entry of different types of lymphocytes to different tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Guide the movement of leukocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Innate immune responses are important in the initation of the adaptive immune response because: |
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Definition
| They create the environment ideal for expression of the co-stimulatory molecule B7 necessary for antigen presentation to Tcells by dendritic cells |
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Term
| The induction of a TH2 response by Mycobacterium leprae that is grown in intracellular vesicles of macrophages, implies that these bacteria will evade immune elimination by: |
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Definition
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Term
| The humoral immune response to T-independent antigens includes production of: |
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Definition
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Term
| CD4+ effector T cells that respond to intracellular pathogens by activating phagocytic cells are termed: |
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Definition
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Term
| T independent antigens do NOT: |
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Definition
| Get presented by MHC Class II |
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Term
| After maturation, which of the following types of lymphocytes emerge from the thymus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following events occurs earliest in the maturation of Tcells? |
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Definition
| Rearrangement of TCR beta chain |
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Term
| Cells which are phagocytic include: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for generating variability in TCRs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Activation of naive T-helper immune response to a protein antigen requires the participation of APC that express which of the following types of molecules on the APC side? |
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Definition
| Class II MHC and co-stimulators |
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Term
| T helper lymphocytes are characterized by: |
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Definition
| Expression of CD4 in the cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Vaccination protects us from infectious disease by generating... |
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Definition
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Term
| T cells containing CD8 co-receptors interact with what type of cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| CD4+ TH1 cells interact with and activate what type of cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Molecules on the effector TH2 cells that interact directly with a B cell include, but are not limited to: |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation does NOT involve: |
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Definition
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Term
| Naive T cells are activated to armed effector cells when they encounter antigen on: |
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Definition
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Term
| TH2 cells secrete cytokines which... |
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Definition
| stimulate B cell differentiation |
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Term
| A T cell which binds antigen without undergoing a co-stimulatory signal from an APC: |
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Definition
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Term
| Exogenous antigens are processed... |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages? |
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Definition
| Production and secretion of immunoglobins |
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Term
| The role of the APC in the immune response is... |
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Definition
The limited catabolism of polypeptide antigens, to allow the selective association of MHC gene products and peptides and to supply a second signal required to fully activate T cells.
It is NOT to present non-self peptides with MHC Class II molecules to B cells. |
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Term
| What is true regarding the CD4 molecule? |
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Definition
| It binds to MHC Class II molecules |
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Term
| What is INCORRECT regarding the immune response to LPS? |
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Definition
Cytokines are required for the production of the antibody response.
Recall: Antibodies produced will be predominantly IgM, Memory B cells will not be induced, and it produces an innate immune response |
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Term
| All of the following are characteristics of both MHC Class I and Class II molecules: |
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Definition
Both are expressed co-dominantly, both are involved in presentation of antigen fragments to Tcells and they are expressed on the surface of Bcells
Recall: They are NOT expressed in all nucleated cells (MHC Class I is only expressed in all nucleated cells) |
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Term
| Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning MHC Class II molecules? |
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Definition
| MHC Class II molecules are associated with beta 2 microglobulin |
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Term
| Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the processing of an antigen, such as a bacterial protein, in the lysosome compartment of the cell? |
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Definition
| It may lead to the activation of CD8+ Tcells |
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Term
| Which of the following statements about CD8+ cytotoxic T cells is INCORRECT? |
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Definition
| They can not kill CD4+ T cells |
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Term
| Class II MHC molecules do not efficiently present endogenous antigens because: |
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Definition
| Endogenous peptides are loaded in the ER while exogenous peptides are loaded in the lysosome. |
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Term
| MHC Class I with bound antigen, on the surface of ______, present ______ antigen to CD8 T cells |
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Definition
| Virus infected cells, endogenous |
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Term
| A fundamental difference between the antigen receptor on B cells (BCR) and on T cells (TCR) is their: |
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Definition
| function follwoing antigen binding |
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Term
|
Definition
| Cell mediated immunity for combating intracellular bacteria |
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Term
|
Definition
| Adaptive immunity mechanism for eradicating established viral infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Innate immunity mechanism for preventing viral infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Innate immunity for eradicating established viral infection |
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Term
| T cells involved in an immune response... |
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Definition
| Activated T cells contribute to the activation of B cells, one major effector function of helper T cells is to activate macrophages via the release of cytokines, and when the infection is eliminated activated T cells die by apoptosis |
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Term
| Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects endothelial cells and B cells. About half of use are infected by the virus while very young and do not suffer disease. Around half of the individuals who avoid the virus while young are infected as teens and develop a disease called mononucleosis. In this disease, lymph nodes swell painfully as our immune system produces large numbers of lymphocytes to eliminate virus producing cells. These lymphocytes are probably... |
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Definition
| cytotoxic T cells to destroy virus containing cells. |
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