Term
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Definition
1) Viruses
2) Bacteria
3) Fungi
4) Parasites |
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Term
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Definition
- System that is in place to destroy a pathogen
- Innante immunity can destroy a pathogen instantly because adaptation is not involved.
- There is no memory. |
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Term
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Definition
- Activated when a microorganism is not immediately destroyed by the innate system.
- Takes time, but is effective and highly specific.
- Leaves memory of infecting agent. |
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Term
| 4 main tasks of immune system |
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Definition
1) Immunological recognition
2) Containment and elimination of the infection
3) Immune regulation
4) Immunological memory |
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Term
| Upon exposure to an infecting agent: |
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Definition
Physical and chemical barriers prevent microbes from entering the body. Not part of immune system, but only after these barriers are overcome, the immune system comes into play as first to respond.
After innate fails, adaptive immune system responds to antigens by use of antigen receptors on lymphocyte surface. |
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Term
| Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells |
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Definition
1) Cells for Adaptive immunity
2) Cells for Innate immunity
3) Cells for platelets
4) Erythrocytes (red blood cells) |
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Term
| Common myeloid pregenitor cells |
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Definition
1) Megakaryocyte/Erythrocyte progenitors
- becomes megakaryocytes and erythroblasts
2) Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells
- becomes monocytes (macrophages), granulocytes, mast cells, and most dendritic cells |
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Term
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Definition
Differentiated from monocytes upon migrating into tissue (still some found in blood)
Main phagocytic cells that are resident in tissues; active in innate immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1) Neutrophils 2) Basophils 3) Eosinophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Function: Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms |
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Term
| Basophils and Eosinophils |
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Definition
| Function: attack parasites; recruited to sites of allergic inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
First appear in tissues and found near surfaces, like mucosal surfaces, to protect mucosal surfaces against pathogens.
Releases granules in response to antigen to help induce inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
Immature - enter tissues from bone marrow. Ingests particulate matter by phagocytosis and large amounts of intracellular fluid by macropinocytosis. Differentiates to mature.
Mature - migrate to lymph nodes to present antigen for lymphocytes |
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Term
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Definition
| Process whereby antigens from foreign bodies are accumulated on the surface of certain host cells, particularly dendritic, but also macrophages specialized to play role of antigen presentation. Gives adaptive immune system recognition. |
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Term
| Two specialized types of dendritic cells |
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Definition
1) Follicular dendritic cells
- not derived from lymphoid or myeloid precursors
2) Plasmacytoid dendritic (pDCs)
- come from pluripotent hematopoietic cells. |
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Term
| Difference between pDC and ordinary dendritic cells |
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Definition
1) Immature dendritic cells present in greater amounts
2) Immature are primarily in tissues, while pDCs circulate in the blood
3) When activated, immature differentiates into mature dendritic cells and migrate to lymph nodes. On the other hand, pDCs migrate to lymph nodes, stop producing interferons and become mature dendritic - present antigens to T and B cells. |
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Term
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Definition
- Innate immunity
- No antigen-specific receptors
- Can detect and kill certain abnormal cells such as cancer cells or virus-infected cells. |
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Term
| Defense against parasites |
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Definition
1) Eosinophils
2) Basophils
3) Mast cells |
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Term
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Definition
1) Monocytes
2) Macrophages
3) Neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
- Differentiation in bone marrow, normally inert, and are small.
- Nuclei composed of heterochromatin and do not have detectable endoplasmic reticulum (so no protein synthesis) |
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Term
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Definition
| Differentiated in thymus and transition from inactive to active state occurs as with B cells |
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Term
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Definition
Not activated by its specific antigen; displays antigen receptor (BCR) on surface and doesn't produce soluble antibody.
Lymphocytes proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, which produce large amounts of antibody. |
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Term
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Definition
Antibody molecules
- soluble form designated as Ig
- membrane known as mIg or sIg |
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Term
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Definition
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
B cells |
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Term
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Definition
| From thymus, not activated by specific antigen. TCR occurs only in membrane form. |
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Term
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Definition
Cytotoxic CD8 T cells
- kill cells that bear antigen they recognize.
CD4 cells (helper T cells)
- some activate macrophages to become stronger. Other CD4 t cells activate antigen stimulated B cells
Regulatory T cells suppress activities of other lymphocytes and help immune response control |
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Term
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Definition
| After infecting agent is eliminated, T cells die by apoptosis and some specific B cells become memory cells. |
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