Immunology

defined as the study of the molecules, cells,

organs and systems responsible for the

recognition and disposal of nonself substances.

Serology

a division of immunology that specializes in

laboratory detection and

measurement of specific antibodies

that develop in the blood during a

response to exposure to a disease

producing antigen.

Immunohematology

- Blood Banking

- uses serologic methods to

determine blood groups and

unexpected antibodies in the blood of persons

donating or receiving blood.

The function of the immune system

is ___________

to recognize "self" from "nonself" and to defend

the body against nonself substances

The first line of defense

is ___________

-unbroken skin and mucosal membrane surfaces.

- "Physical barrier"

-Normal Flora found in certain parts of the body

(throat, intestines, ect..) facilitate the

elimination of foreign microorganisms from the body

-Other first lines: secretions (mucus, earwax,

lactic acid in sweat, stomach acid,

saliva and tears)

Natural Immunity

one of the two ways body resists infection after the first line has been penetrated.

Components of Nonspecific Natural Immunity

- phagocytic neutrophils and macrophages engulf invading foreign material.

-Complement proteins are the major fluid component

- Lysozymes and interferons are sometimes natural antibiotic.

*interferon is a family of proteins produced

rapidly by many cells in response of viral

infection and blocks replication of viruses in cells.

Acquired or Adaptive Immunity

-allows the body to recognize, remember and respond to a specific stimulus (antigen).

2 Types of Acquired immunity

1. Active- natural infection or artificial vaccination

2. Passive- natural transfer in vivo or clostrums

or artificial infusion of serum or plamsa.

Cellular components of Acquired 

immunity 

Lymphocytes (T and B) selectively respond to nonself substances, which leads to immune memory and a permanent pattern of response.

Humoral components of

Acquired immunity

antibodies and cytokines.

Humoral Mediated Immunity

- acts as primary defense against bacterial infection.

- if the infection is natural the person builds antibodies

if the reaction is natural and passive a newborn recieves antibodies from the mother.

Cell mediated immunity is responsible

for the body defense in what

immunologic events?

-contact sensitivity.

-immunity to viral and fungal antigen.

-immunity