• response from hours to days later (after exposure to antibody)
• Antibody mediated (not igE goes igG or igM)

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: transfusion reactions-ABO

• major reaction is: donor antigens (what is on the donor RBC) to recipient antibodies (whats in the recipient)
• natural antibodies arise in early infancy
• RBC agglutination and lysis --> death
• prevention: is to get the right match

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: transfusion reactions- Rh factor

• 85% population Rh+ (have Rh Ag) 15% Rh- (have NO Ag)
• reactions occur in Rh- people who receive Rh+ blood after being sensitized
• similar to ABO reaction

type 2 hypersensitivity

EX: hemolytic disease of newborn

• Rh- mom has first Rh+ baby and becomes sensitized and makes anti-Rh antibodies
• second Rh+ baby suffers attack of moms antibodies --> anemia, death
• prevention (get Rhogam shot through IM <intramuscular>)
• (given to Rh- mothers)

type 3 hypersensitivity

characteristics

• response from hours to days later
• antibody antigen complexes form if increased antigens present
• deposit in small blood vessels, esp. in skin, joints, kidneys
• stimulate clotting, inflammation and tissue damage

type 3 hypersensitivity

EX: glomerulonephritis

(affects kidneys) after untreated strep throat

~glomeruli are gone

~kidney tissue does NOT grow back when it dies, lose enough tissue kidneys will NOT be able to function

• delayed response peaks at 2-3 days later
• cell mediated (T cell response)
• sensitized T cells exposed to antigen
• release cytokines and call in macrophages and killer T cells
• tissue damaged through inflammation and cell death

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: tuberculin skin test

• read within 48 to 72 hours
• positive test will leave red pump on arm where the injection took place

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: contact dermatitis

• poison oak, metal jemelry, latex products
• treatment (cortizone cream, take meds, contact cream is more helpful)

type 4 hypersensitivity

EX: tissue transplant rejection

type 1 hypersensitivity

EXAMPLES

• localized anaphylaxis
• generalized (systemic) anaphylaxis

treatment

• antihistamines (localized reactions)
• bronchodilators (rescue inhaler, asthma attack)
• steroids (preventative use, keeps down inflammation)
• epinephrine (adrenaline, when in crisis)

prevention

•  avoid triggers
• immunotherapy to stimulate igG (allergy shot against the allergen neutralize any allergen found in blood)

type 1 hypersensitivity

EX: generalized (systemic) anaphylaxis

this reaction occurs body wide, leads to schock

• esp. bee stings, peanuts, penicillin
• blood vessels dilate
• fluid loss from blood
• low BP-->anaphylactic schock-->organ failure
• bronchoconstriction-->respiratory failure
• death

• hypersensitivities

~types 1-4

~allergens-->allergies

• autoimmune diseases
• immune deficiency disorders

type 1 hypersensitivity

characteristics

• immediate response (with exposure to the allergen)
• antibody mediated (igE)
• must be sensitized by initial exposure to antigen, upon subsequent exposures, release inflammatory mediators
• genetic tendency for increased igE

type 1 hypersensitivity

EX: localized anaphylaxis

• hives also called urticaria (wheal and flare resonse,blisters and redness)
• hayfever, allergic rhinitis (upper respiratry, sneezing)
• asthma(lower respiratory, bronchioles, mucous production, can be life threatening)

• transfusion reactions: ABO
• transfusion reactions: Rh factor
• hemolytic disease of the newborn

• tuberculin skin test
• contact dermatitis
• tissue transplant rejection

• body sees self as a foreign
• uses antibodies and/or immune cells to attack tissues (ex: killer T cells)
• attack may be localized (only one organ affected, ex: graves, diabetes) or widespread (systemic, ex:lupus)

• rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• multiple sclerosis (MS)

autoimmune disease

EX: rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune disease

EX: multiple sclerosis (MS)

immune deficiency disorders

characteristics

• loss of immune function
• types:

~primary: genetic or developmental (before your born)

~secondary: acquired via immunosuppressive drugs, cancer, infections, chronic stress, increasing age or maturation (when your born)

immune deficiency disorder

examples

• primary: severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)
• secondary: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
• cancer

mmune deficiency disorder

EX: primary severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

immune deficiency disorder

EX: cancer

-can attack immune system

-natural killer and killer T cells

-abnormal cell

immune deficiency disorders

EX: secondary acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)