Term
| What are the four ways a person can develop immunity to disease? |
|
Definition
1: Exposure to disease
2: Antibody transfer from mother to fetus
3: Administration of an immune immunoglobulin
4: Vaccines. |
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Term
| If you're under two years old, what type of vaccine can you NOT get? |
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Definition
| You can't use polysaccharide vaccines |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a conjugate vaccine? |
|
Definition
| They stimulate T cells which stimulate B cells. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action for a polysaccharide vaccine? |
|
Definition
| They stimulate B cells directly without T cells. |
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Term
| What is the difference in active and passive immunity? |
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Definition
| Active means we produce the antibodies. Passive immunity is granted through another source, such as mother's milk, or from an animal antibody. |
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Term
| What vaccines are in Pediarix? |
|
Definition
| Diptheria, tetanus, pertussis, HepB + Poliovirus |
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Term
| What vaccines are in Pentacel? |
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Definition
| Diptheria, tetus, pertussis, HiB, and Poliovirus. |
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Term
| What are the live vaccines? |
|
Definition
Herpes
Influenza
MMR
Rotavirus
Varicella |
|
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Term
| Who should NOT get live vaccines? |
|
Definition
| Pregnant women and immunocompromised. |
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Term
| Which vaccines are frozen? |
|
Definition
| Varicella and zoster vaccines |
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Term
| How many vaccines can you get together on the same day? |
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Definition
| As many as you like. Any combination |
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Term
| You had a live vaccine today. How long must you wait to get another vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| You had a live vaccine today. How long must you wait to get a PPD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the schedule like for a multi-dose series of vaccines? |
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Definition
| Generally, you will get one dose, wait 4 weeks, get the second dose, and then wait 4-5 months and get the final dose. |
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Term
| I'm going on vacation and need to get my multi-dose vaccine early. Can I? |
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Definition
| That depends. Are you within 4 days of the scheduled time? If so, yes. 5 days or more? You're out of luck. |
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Term
| I had to wait 13 years between dose 1 and dose 2 of a vaccine. Do I have to restart? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Where should you administer a subcutaneous vaccine? |
|
Definition
| Thigh of an infant, upper arm of older children and adults |
|
|
Term
| Where should you administer an IM vaccine? |
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Definition
Upper thigh of infants and toddlers.
Older children and adults get it in the deltoid muscle. |
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Term
| What vaccine goes in the buttocks? |
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Definition
| None. You don't use the buttocks. |
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Term
| Which vaccines are not given by injection? How are they given? |
|
Definition
Rotavirus = oral
Influenza = nasal |
|
|
Term
| Who decides vaccine schedules? |
|
Definition
Lots of people, but ACIP (Advicory Committee on Immunization Practices) is the main one.
CDC helps too. |
|
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Term
What vaccines are administered to children? (11)
How many are unique to children? |
|
Definition
Hep B
Rotavirus **
Diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) **
Haemophilus influenzae Type B (HiB) **
Pneumococcal CONJUGATE (PCV) **
Inactivated polio virus (IPV)
Seasonal flu
Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
Varicella
Hep A
Meningococcal (MPSV4)
4 are unique to kids: RV, DTaP, PCV, and HiB |
|
|
Term
How many vaccines are given to older children (7-18 years old) (10)
How many are unique to older kids? |
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Definition
Tetanus, diptheria, and pertussis (TdaP) **
Human Pipillomavirus (HPV) **
Pnemuococcal polysaccharide (PPSV) **
Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV)
MMR
Varicella
HepA
HepB
Meningococcal (MCV4)
3 are unique: TdaP, HPV, and PPSV |
|
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Term
| All adults should have what 6 vaccines? |
|
Definition
Tetanus
MMR
Varicella
Influenza
diptheria,
Pertussis |
|
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Term
| What vaccines are only indicated for older adults and when are they indicated? |
|
Definition
Herpes Zoster is indicated for 50+, recommended 60+
Pneumococcal 23 is indicated for 65+ |
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Term
| If you're pregnant, what are the special vaccine rules for you? |
|
Definition
Live vaccines are contraindicated.
NO Varicella
NO Zoster
NO MMR
You can give Tdap, and everyone gets TIV. |
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Term
| You have COPD. What special vaccine requirements do you have? |
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Definition
| Eh, none really. You get the same stuff everyone else does. |
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Term
| You have Diabetes. What special vaccine requirements do you have? |
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Definition
| For the most part, you get the same stuff everyone else does, but you also have an indication for HBV. Why? Iunno. You just do. |
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Term
| How old must you be to get a live vaccine? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You're pregnant. Should you still get a seasonal flu vaccine? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you're immunocompromised, what are the special requirements for vaccines? |
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Definition
| You can't get live vaccines, and glucocorticoids suppress vaccine response |
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Term
| What's the cutoff for steroids and how does that effect vaccines? |
|
Definition
20mg/day or 2mg/kg daily for at least 2 weeks. (high-ish dose)
If you're on doses like that, you have to wait ONE MONTH. |
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Term
| What are the absolute contraindications to a vaccine? |
|
Definition
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Term
| You have an allergy to eggs. What vaccine should you avoid? |
|
Definition
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Term
| You have an allergy to Gelatin. What vaccines should you avoid? |
|
Definition
| Varicella, MMR, and Zostavax |
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Term
| You have an allergic reaction to Neomycin. What vaccines should you avoid? |
|
Definition
| MMr, Polio, Varicella, and Zostavax |
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Term
| You have an allergic reaction to Streptomycin. What vaccines should you avoid? |
|
Definition
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Term
| You have an allergic reaction to Polymixin B. What vaccines should you avoid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two vaccines have a contraindication to aspirin. What are they and why? |
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Definition
| LAIV and Varicella. They cause a fever, so using aspirin might cause Reye's syndrome. No aspirin for you. |
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Term
| My brother has an anaphalaxic reaction to the MMR vaccine. Am I contraindicated for that? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| I'm breastfeeding. Can I still get vaccines? |
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Definition
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Term
| I took a vaccine, and I got kinda sick afterwards. I shouldn't get any more vaccines, right? |
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Definition
| No. You're an idiot if you think that. You still get vaccines like everyone else. |
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Term
| When should you offer vaccines to patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diphtheria vaccine comes in multiple versions. What's the deal? |
|
Definition
Dtap is for kids. It has MORE Diphtheria.
Tdap is for adults. It has less Diphtheria. |
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|
Term
| How is a Diphtheria vaccine delivered? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| You're getting a Tetanus shot today. How is the shot going to be delivered? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Does a tetanus shot have any rare side effects? |
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Definition
| You sometimes get fever, aches, and neurologic disorders. |
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Term
| What kind of vaccine is HiB? |
|
Definition
| It's a CONJUGATE vaccine. |
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Term
| HiB comes in a few flavors. What's the difference? |
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Definition
| Basically, the difference is the schedule. Pick one for Dose 1. Stick with it for the rest of that series. When you finish it and are going for your booster shot at age 12-15 months, you can use any of them. |
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Term
| Are there any differences between the HiB vaccines? |
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Definition
| Yes. PRP-OMP (PedvaxHIB) is given only two times. The rest are three times. |
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Term
| How is the HiB vaccine delivered? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Unless you have an immunodifficiency, what's the cutoff for HiB vaccines? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the strains of HPV in gardasil? Which ones are high risk? |
|
Definition
6,11,16,19
16 and 19 are high risk. |
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Term
| Gardisil has a special minimum interval. What is it? |
|
Definition
4 weeks between dose 1 and 2
12 weeks between 2 and 3. |
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|
Term
| Who is Gardasil NOT approved for? |
|
Definition
Anyone over 26
Pregnant women |
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|
Term
| What type of vaccine is Measles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the measles vaccine delivered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Measles vaccine has a rare exception. What is it? |
|
Definition
| It's a live vaccine, so you don't normally give live vaccines to HIV patients. Except this one. They still get this one. |
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Term
| Measles vaccine has a couple weird side effects that are rare. What are they? |
|
Definition
| Transient thrombocytopenia and eye pain. |
|
|
Term
| Mumps vaccine. What type is it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You're getting a vaccine for mumps. How are you going to receive it? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Measles had a weird thing about it. Mumps does too. What's the odd thing about mumps? |
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Definition
| Don't get pregnant for 4 weeks after getting the vaccine. |
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Term
| Mumps vaccine has three weird-ish ADRs. What are they? |
|
Definition
Parotitis, Pruritus, and Purpura.
Ok. Pruritis isn't that odd. But otherwise, it's not PPP. |
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|
Term
| Rubella has another name. What is it? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Why do we worry about Rubella? |
|
Definition
Congenital Rubella causes defects in the fetus.
Audotor, opthalmic cardiac, and neurologic deficits.
Oh, and it might cause miscarriage or stillbirth.
So... either you're severely impaired or dead. Fun. |
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|
Term
| What kind of vaccine is Rubella? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Where is rubella vaccine administered? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Measles and mumps had weird things about them. Guess what? Rubella does too. What's the weird thing about THIS vaccine? |
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Definition
| If you're a woman of childbearing age and you can't prove you're vaccinated, guess who has two thumbs and is about to get a new vaccine. You. |
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Term
| Measles and mumps had weird little facts about them. Rubella does too. What is it? |
|
Definition
| If you're a woman of childbearing age and you can't prove you've gotten vaccinated for Rubella, guess who has two thumbs and is about to get a new vaccine? You! |
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Term
| What's the relationship between Rubella vaccine and PPD? |
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Definition
| It might suppress a POSITIVE result by up to six weeks. Kind of weird but true. |
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Term
| After a rubella vaccine, you will excrete some of the virus? Are you contagious? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some weird, important, or rare side effects of the Rubella vaccine? Give me 3. |
|
Definition
| Rash is a big one. Also causes arthralgia, especially if it's in a postpubertal female. And it causes lympadenopathy. |
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Term
| So when do you give Meningococcal vaccines? |
|
Definition
| Routinely given at age 11 or 12 and a booster shot when you're 16-18. |
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|
Term
| What's a really important side effect of the meningocococal vaccine? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Meningococcal vaccine comes in lots of flavors. What's the difference? |
|
Definition
MPSV4 is a polysaccharide vaccine given to people over 55. It's administered SubQ
MCV4 is a conjugate vaccine given for college students and people 11-12 years old.
It's IM.
Remember. I'M in college. I get it IM. |
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Term
| Pertussis vaccine. Who gets it? |
|
Definition
Kids! They get 5 doses.
then again when 11-18
then again when over 65. Every six minutes, you get another dose. |
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Term
| What's the precaution for Pertussis vaccine? There are 4. |
|
Definition
| You can have hypotonic hyporesponsive episode. A fever of 104.9 or higher, crying lasting more than 3 hours, and seizures. |
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|
Term
| What are the important side effects of Pertussis vaccine? (3) |
|
Definition
Seizures
Persistent crying spells
Encecphalopathy |
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|
Term
| Every vaccine seems to have something weird about it. Pertussis has an exception too. What is it? |
|
Definition
| If you experience encephalopathy after the vaccine, that IS a contraindication. It's not just anaphalaxis. |
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Term
| My kid had a seizure after a vaccine! What was the vaccine. Should they get it again? |
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Definition
| That vaccine was Pertussis vaccine. Seizures are NOT a contraindication. They get another dose. |
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Term
| Pneumococcal vaccine comes in two flavors. What are they? and what's the difference? |
|
Definition
PCV13 and PCV23.
PCV13 has thirteen strains and is a conjugate vaccine. PCV23 has 23 strains and is a polysaccharide |
|
|
Term
| What's the dosing schedule like for Pneumococcal |
|
Definition
Under 2 year, you give PCV13
PPSV23 is given to people older than 2.
If you're 65 or older and haven't had a pneumo vaccine in 5 years or more (i.e. you were a baby) you get another dose of the 23 valent variety to cover you for the 10 new ones in the newer 23 valent version. |
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|
Term
| Who gets the Pneumococcal vaccine before they turn 65? |
|
Definition
Anyone immunocompromised
Anyone with lung disease (COPD, Asthma, emphysema)
Heart disease
And Cochlear implants. |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 rare side effects of PPSV23? |
|
Definition
Photophobia
Chills
Fever
Weakness
Myalgia
Headache |
|
|
Term
| How must Varicella vaccine be stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You just reconstituted a varicella vaccine. Clock's ticking. How long do you have to give it before you've wasted that shot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the weird thing about varicella vaccine? |
|
Definition
| After you get it, you can't use aspirin for 6 weeks due to Reye's Syndrome risk. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of vaccine is Zostavax? How is it administered? |
|
Definition
| It's a live vaccine given SQ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It's indicated for over 50. It's recommended for 60+ |
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|
Term
| Zostavax is a bit different than most vaccines. What's it about? |
|
Definition
| Zostavax is to prevent shingles. Shingles is the result of reactivation of herpes zoster, which causes chicken pox. This is one of the rare cases where you give a vaccine to someone that has had the primary disease, sorta. |
|
|
Term
| What are three things that differentiate flu from the common cold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What month has the most flu cases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What goes into a flu shot? |
|
Definition
Influenza comes in three varieties. A, B, and C.
C only infects animals.
So you get 2 strains of A
and 1 strain of B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small changes in surface antigens of flu viruses. This is common. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is a drastic change in the H (hemagglutinin) or N (neuraminadase) of the flu, usually by a jump from animal to human. These cause pandemics. |
|
|
Term
| Where does flu vaccine come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There's a new four valent version of the flu vaccine. How is it delivered? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who should get a flu shot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What's the weird thing about kids and TIV vaccine? |
|
Definition
| If it's your first time getting TIV, you get TWO doses, 4 weeks apart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is LAIV approved for? |
|
Definition
| 2-49 year old, and no chronic medical conditions. |
|
|
Term
| What are side effects for the two flu vaccines? |
|
Definition
TIV has the standard ones and MIGHT cause Guillain-Barre.
LAIV causes runny nose, congestion, headache. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Influenza A? |
|
Definition
You can use Amatadine or Rimantidine OR Tamiflu OR Relenza
Amantadine and Rimantadine ONLY work on Flu A, and resistance is common. |
|
|
Term
| What's special about Tamiflu? |
|
Definition
| It causes people to want to hurt themselves. Especially kids. |
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|
Term
| You want to get LAIV, but you're taking antivirals. How long do you have to wait? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vaccines cause autism, right? |
|
Definition
No. Thimersol does NOT cause autism. And it's been removed from pretty much all vaccines anyway.
*sigh* |
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