Term
|
Definition
There is immediate maximal response, not antigen specific, and exposure results in no immunological memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Response is antigen dependent, there is a lag time between exposure and maximum response, antigen specific, exposure results in immunological memory, and recognition by antibody and T cell receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Only affects certain animals or plants and not humans because our physiology is different |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Acquired over time from exposure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Has chemicals that defend against pathogens. Perspiration secreted by sweat glands; sebum secreted by oil glands |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lines all body cavities open to environment, produces chemical that defends against pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lysozymes that destroy bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Microbial anatonism, makes it hard for pathogens to compete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Liquid part of blood that carries blood cells, and plasma proteins which help with inflammation and blood clotting. Iron binding proteins bind to iron in blood which makes iron unavailable to pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most numerous in body. Biconcave shape and transports gases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Used in immunity, broken into two catergories: granulocytes that contain granules and can exit the blood and agranulocytes which don't contain granules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broken down into Basophils, Eosinophils, and Neutrophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broken down into lymphocytes and monocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stain blue; not phagocytic, release chemical to cause inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stain orange/red; phagocytic, high number in blood indicates allergic reaction or infection with helmin worms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stain light purple; phagocytic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Smallest WBC'S; nuclei covers almost entire cell, plays a part in adaptive immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Leaves blood stream and become macrophage and eat foreign pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broken pieces of cells used for clotting; helps with inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Broken into 3 types: killing by Eosinophils, killing by natural killer lymphocytes, and killing by neutrophils |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secrete antimicrobial chemicals, protect from helmins |
|
|
Term
Killing by natural killer lymphocytes |
|
Definition
Secrete toxins that attack virally affected cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produce enzymes that create bleach with kills the bacteria |
|
|
Term
Toll like receptors (TLRs) |
|
Definition
10 in body, proteins that are part of WBC'S and act as an early warning system. They detect pathogen associates molecular patterns (microbes). Very important because if they fail your immune system is compromised |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Proteins found on leukocytes that bind to certain things and cause cell death and other responses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Protects us from viral infections. Broken into 2 types: type 1 (alpha and beta) 2hich is released within hours of infection to let neighboring cells know a virus is present and type 2 (gamma) which is activated by T cells and starts phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Activation results in lysis of the foreign cell. Indirectly trigger inflammation and fever. Can be activated in three ways: classical pathway is activated by antibodies, alternative pathway is activated by exotoxins, and Lectin pathway is activated by molecules on bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Body temperature over 37*C which enhances interferons and inhibits growth of some microbes and phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
5 attributes of adaptive immunity |
|
Definition
Specificity, inducibility, clonality, unresponsive to self, and memory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Responds to a certain shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Activates only when pathogens are present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Once induced, can clone cells to attack virus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Your body does not attack itself |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Watery liquid that carries toxins and pathogens out of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Are WBC'S that mature in red bone marrow and thymus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Are the lymph nodes, spleen, and lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shapes found on pathogens. 3 types: exogenous, endogenous, and autogenous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Responds to things on the outside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pathogens that reproduce inside the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produced from a normal cell process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
3D shape on nucleus membrane that body recongnizes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutralization, opsonization, oxidation, agglutonation, and ADCC |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Neutralizes toxins and prevents it from attachment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Changes shape of antigen and activates phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Produces oxidants that destroy cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sticking them all together to get rid of them all at once |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Natural killer B cells that lyse cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
To work against intracellular pathogens and cancer cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cytotoxin, helper, and regulatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Directly kills other cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Assist with activating B cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Turns off the response tying to regulate immune system |
|
|
Term
Major histocompatibility complex |
|
Definition
Holds pathogen in place for T cells at the antigen binding site |
|
|
Term
Cell mediated immune responses |
|
Definition
Responds to intracellular pathogens and abnormal body cells. Antigen is present. MHC2 and epitote hols in place till T cell arrives and binds. T cell will differentiate and turns into a cell that can destroy pathogen. T cell makes clones of pathogen destroying cells and attaches to pathogens which causes them to lyse |
|
|
Term
Antibody immune responses |
|
Definition
Helper t cells bind MHC and epitotes to pathogen. Makes clones. They activate and attach to B cells. B cells will then be activated and differentiate to make plasma cells to bind and destroy pathogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B cells that do not require helper T cells and are found in the interstitial fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B cells that require helper T cells and are found in the lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
Immunological memory formed |
|
Definition
They are produced by B cell proliferation but does not secrete antibodies. These are long living ells that stay in the lymphoid tissue and initiates production if antigen is encountered again. This is important because your body will know how to fight that specific antigen much quicker subsequent times so they won't make you sick |
|
|
Term
Naturally aquired (Active immunity) |
|
Definition
Is something you acquire from coming in contact with a certain pathogen |
|
|
Term
Artificially acquired (Passive immunity) |
|
Definition
Is something you acquire an immunity from due to a vaccine |
|
|
Term
5 different types of vaccines |
|
Definition
Attenuated, inactive, toxoid, combination, and gene technology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Live pathogens, can cause mild infection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Whole or pieces of dead pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gives you modified toxins that won't cause the disease but will build up immunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Takes genes and recombines them to make them safe |
|
|
Term
Concerns and problems associated with vaccine safety |
|
Definition
Mild toxicity, risk of anaphylactic shock, residual virulence from attenuated viruses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allergic reactions, injection site soreness |
|
|
Term
Residual virulence from attenuated viruses |
|
Definition
A little sicker than normal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Allegations that certain vaccines can cause autism, diabetes, and asthma but research has debunked these allegations |
|
|