Term
| What are the chemical components of innate immunity? |
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Definition
- Complement
- Cytokines
- Interferons
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Term
| What is complement? What are the three main effects? |
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Definition
- Plasma proteins that can automatically recognize foreign particles and attack them in a domino fashion
- The three main effects are to kill pathogens via MAC (membrane attack complex); Opsonize them (for phagocytosis); and recruit inflammatory cells
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Term
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Definition
- cell movement molecules that are made by both the innate and adaptive immune systems
- secreted by cells to stimulate other cells into some mode of action
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Term
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Definition
- a subclass of cytokines whose purpose is to direct cell trafficking through a concentration gradient (Chemotaxis)
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Term
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Definition
- Subclass of cytokines
- recognized for their antiviral actions
- can regulate overall immune function
- facilitate communication between immune components
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Term
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Definition
- common proces of the innate system
- mainly monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils
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Term
| How does phagocytosis work? |
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Definition
| Chemotaxis directs the macrophage and once it gets there it engulfs the bacterium and once its ingested makes a pphagolysosome around it. The phagolysosome becomes acidic which destroys the bacteria. The bacterium falls apart and he the parts end up being displayed by the macrophage to the antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
- common process of the innate system
- makes environment inhospitable for pathogen
- Has four components
- Heat (calor)
- Pain (dolor)
- Redness (rubor)
- Swelling (tumor)
- all must be present for inflammation
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Term
| Why is inflammation both positive and negative? |
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Definition
- positive because it makes the body less hospitable for pathogen, helps with infections/pathogens clearance and may prevent infections
- negative because it may be difficult to stop, may occur inappropriately, chronic inflammation is linked to many diseases
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Term
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Definition
- specific immunity
- second line of defense
- Responses are customized for specific pathogens (speicificity)
- following clearance, some memory cells stay around for faster recall in the future (memory)
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Term
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Definition
- special class of white blood cells (leukocytes) usually associated with adaptive immunity
- circulate through the lymphoid tissues, lymph, and blood
- ex) innate: NK cells; adaptive: B and T cells
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Term
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Definition
- B cells- bone marrow
- T cells- Thymus
- Both undergo selection where self-reactive cells are eliminated and foreign-reactive cells are encouraged
- Each B cell and T cell has ONE specific antigen that it recognizes and can respond to
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Term
| How do the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Interconnect? |
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Definition
- When innate fails to clear a pathogen, adaptive kicks in
- cellular components can communicate with cellular components of adaptive immunity through cytokines (chemokines), antigen presentation and Fc receptors
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Term
| What is the role of Fc receptors? |
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Definition
- Fc receptors on surface of innate system help the innate system listen to the adapt system (talk back and forth)
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Term
| What is the role of APCs? |
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Definition
- Bridge from the innate to the adaptive
- Display antigen for lymphocytes
- 3 APCs:
- Macrophages
- Dendritic Cells
- B cells
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Term
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Definition
- MHC or HLA holds fragments/antigens.
- Each APC holds the antgen in an MHC
- The type of MHC determines which class gets called in.
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Term
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Definition
- Infection from inside the cell (sick)
- Presents cytosolic peptides
- Specific for CD8 T Cells
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Term
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Definition
- Macrophage engulfed bacteria, lysosome destruction. Microbe came from outside (not sick)
- Presents peptides from intracellular vesicles
- Specific for CD4 T Cells
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