Term
| What is immunology and it's 3 principal activities? |
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Definition
- The study of the body's infection defense system.
- Three principal activities are surveillance of the body, recognition of nonself vs self material, and destruction of foreign material.
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Term
| How does the immune system determine what's self and what's nonself? |
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Definition
- It scans the target surface for specific markers that indicate whether the material is native or foreign and attempts to destory the foreign material.
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Term
| What are 3 malfunctions of the immune system? |
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Definition
- Overzealous (autoimmunity or organ transplant rejection)
- Overwhelmed (an infection we can't control)
- Underactive (cancer)
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Term
| What are the 5 places to the immune system? |
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Definition
- Epithelium and its secretions
- Reticuloendothelial System
- Extracellular fluid
- Blood
- Lymphatic System
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Term
| What are the components of the Epithelium and it's secretions? |
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Definition
- Skin (physical barrier)
- Mucus
- Secretions (saliva, tears, etc.)
- Normal Flora (harmless/helpful bacteria on skin)
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Term
| How do the RES and ECF function as body systems? |
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Definition
- Somatic cells are held in place with a reticulum (RES)
- Fluids bathe the cells and is designed to bring nutrients to cells and take waste away (ECF)
- Together they are a transitway between cells, tissues nd organs patrolled by the immune system.
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Term
| What are the two main components of the whole blood? |
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Definition
| Plasma (fluid) and Formed elements (solid) |
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Term
| Fluid Components of Blood |
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Definition
- Plasma is 55% of the total volume of the blood and is mainly water
- The 7% of proteins include Antibodies (globulins/immunoglobulins), clotting factors such as fibrinogens and albumin
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Term
| What is the difference between plasma and serum? |
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Definition
| Plasma is the fluid portion before clotting and serum is the fluid portion left after the blood has clotted. |
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Term
| What are the cellular components of blood? |
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Definition
- Erythrocytes: red blood cells- 95%
- leukocytes (white blood cells) -0.1%
- Thrombocytes (platelets)- 5%
- All blood cells are borne in the bone marrow from pluripotent cells called hematopoetic stem cells
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Term
| What are the three categories of the innate immune system? |
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Definition
- Granulocytes
- Antigen-Presentig Cells
- Natural Killers
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Term
| What are the three roles of the lymphatics? |
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Definition
- Immunity
- Articulate between circulatory systems, ECF, and RES
- Mitigate inflammation
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Term
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Definition
- Meeting and activity sites for lymph, glucocytes and white blood cells
- typically located at major vessel junctions
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Term
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Definition
| Blood filter: filters out pathogens and a large pool of resident macrophages destroy filtered pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are other lymphatic sites? |
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Definition
- The Tonsils and Breasts in pregnant/lactating women: they supply antibodies to baby via milk
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Term
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Definition
- Nonspecific or natural immunity
- the response is automatic (natural) and nonspecific (broad-spectrum)
- First line of defense
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Term
| What are the cellular components of innate immunity? |
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Definition
- Granulocytes
- Antigen Presenting Cells
- Natural Killers
- Many have Fc receptors for binding antibodies
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Term
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Definition
- They are equal opportunity destroyers and can destroy your own cells when they explode to destory bacteria
- they release toxic granules and destroy everything in vicinity
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Term
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Definition
- The most common leukocyte in circulation
- Phagocytose invaders
- Spend most of their time in tissues
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Term
| Basophils, eosinophils, mast cells |
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Definition
- basophils- parasitic infections and allergies
- eosinophils- allergies, asthma, and infections
- mast cells- allergies and anaphylaxis
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Term
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Definition
- any entity that elicits an immune response
- synonymous to Antigen
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Term
| Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs) |
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Definition
- They roam the body and collect whatever they run into
- they are incapable of determining if a collected entity is self or nonself
- present antigen to other immune cells
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Term
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Definition
- phagocytose pathogens or damaged cells
- shows phagocytosed pathogens to APCs
- secrete effector molecules
- stimulate other cells to action
- inflammation
- immature form: monocyte
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Term
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Definition
- stimulate other cells to action
- phagocytose pathogens or damaged cells
- commited antigen presenting cell
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Term
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Definition
- Soecial class of leukocyte called a LYMPHOCYTE
- release toxic granules
- targets cancerous cells and virus-infected cells
- more precise when it explodes and is more specific with what it targets
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