Term
| Outcome of in utero infection with BVDV, cytopathic and non-cytopathic? |
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Definition
Cytopathic, calf will have a tolerance and a persistant infection if infected up to 125 days post conception, will be normal if after 125d.
Cytopathic:
100 days = absorption/stillborn.
100-150 = deformations
150+ = normal calf |
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Term
| HOw do intestiinal microflora in neonates contribute to the development of the mucosal immune system |
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Definition
| -failure to develop functional development of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (relies on commensal microflora to create PAMPS for this to happen) |
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Term
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Definition
-innocuous organism found in soil and bedding
-a small number of foals will develop pneumonia as maternal antibodies wane due to immune defects |
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Term
| What immunoglobulin isotype is predominant in ruminant milk? Non ruminant? |
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Definition
Non-ruminant: IgA
Ruminant: IgG |
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Term
| Failure of passive transfer - management |
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Definition
If levels are low: treat with antibiotics at first sign of infection
Very low/complete failure: feed colostrum, or feed plasma/serum
If gut closure has happened, then need to give plasma transfusion |
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Term
| Why is timing of neonatal vaccinations important |
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Definition
-maternal antibodies will suppress the neonat from making its own B cells
-giving vaccine too early will not elicit effective B cell response
-need to administor when maternal titres are low, but not too low otherwise neonate is completely unprotected |
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Term
| How do chicks obtain maternal immunity? |
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Definition
IgY is in egg yolk (will absorb it as an embryo)
IgA & IgM get ingested by chick from albumin (will be in intestine) |
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Term
| Direct vs indirect coombs tests |
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Definition
Direct: take blood sample from foal, wash, incubate with anti-horse antibodies. Agglutination indicates that erythrocye-specific antibodies are bound to the coal's RBCs (positive test)
Indireect: tests for anti-RBC antibodies free in serum. Take serum from mare, incubate with RBCs from foal. Agglutinaton = positive |
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Term
| Neonatal isoertythrolysis What is it? How to treat? |
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Definition
-condition in foals
-mom develops antibodies against her foal's RBCs, and it absorbs these via colostrum
-will lyse its own RBCs, develop anemia & death
Treat: feed alternative colostrum, may need blood transfusion |
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