Term
| What are the two parts of X-Ray film composition? |
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Definition
Image: A picture or likeness of an object.
Receptor: Something that responds to a stimulus. |
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Term
| What are the four basic components of Dental X-Ray film? |
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Definition
1. Film base
2. Adhesive layer
3. Film emulsion
4. Protective layer |
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Term
| What is X-Ray Film Base purpose? |
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Definition
| 0.2 mm thick piece of polyester plastic that provides strength and stable support for the delicate emulsion. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the Adhesive Layer of x-ray film? |
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Definition
| Attaches the emulsion to the base. |
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Term
| What is the Film Emuslion of an x-ray for? |
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Definition
| Has a mixture of gelatin and silver halide crystals attached to both sides of the film base. The gelatin disperses the silver halide crystals over the film base. The ahlide crystals absorb radiation during exposure and stores the energy. |
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Term
| Where is the Protective layer of the x-ray film and what is it's purpose? |
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Definition
| The outer layer used to protect the emulsion image. |
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Term
| What is an x-ray latent image? |
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Definition
| The stored energy of the silver halide crystals that form a pattern according to their exposure density. The latent image cannot be seen until chemical processing to produce a visible image. |
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Term
| What is a latent image center? |
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Definition
| The silver bromide crystals that are exposed are ionized and the silver and bromine atoms are separated. The irregularities in the structure attract the silver atoms. The aggregates of neutral silver atoms are latent image centers. |
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Term
| What are the three types of Dental x-ray film? |
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Definition
1. Intaoral film - Inside the mouth
2. Extraoral film - outside the mouth
3. Duplicating film - copies of original |
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Term
| What is intraoral film used for? |
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Definition
| inside the mouth and used to examine the teeth and supporting structures. |
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Term
| What are the four components of intraoral film packaging? |
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Definition
1. x-ray film - Identification
2. Paper film wrapper - Black protective paper to protect from light.
3. Lead foil sheet - protects film from scattered radiation
4. Outer package wrapping -Seal contents and protect from moisture |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Intraoral film? |
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Definition
1. Periapical film
2. Bite-wing film
3. Occlusal film |
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Term
| What is intraoral Periapical film used for? |
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Definition
| Used to examine the entire tooth and 2mm of supporting bone. 0: Children, 1: anterior adult teeth, 2: standard adult. |
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Term
| What is intraoral Bitewing film used for? |
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Definition
| Used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on one film.Size 0 children, 1: verticall anterior adult teeth, 2: standard use 3: not recomended cause all contacts can't be opened on one film |
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Term
| What is intraoral Occlusal film used for? |
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Definition
| A larger film used for examintation of large areas of the maxilla or mandible. Almost 4x the size of standard #2 film |
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Term
| Why did Kodak develope the T-grain of silver halide? |
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Definition
| Rather than being round, T-grain is flat requiring less radiation exposure film time. |
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Term
| What are the 2 main views of Extraoral film and what are they used for? |
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Definition
1. Panoramic Radiograph: Shows lesion in bone, Impacted wisdom tooth, fracture in mandible.
2. Cephalometric Radiograph: commonly used in orthodontic for growth and development |
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Term
| What are the 2 Extraoral film types and how is it packaged? |
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Definition
1. non screen film not used in dentistry
2. Screen film used in dentistry that requires the use of a screen in a cassette with phosphors for exposure. Film is sensitive to fluorescent light rather than x-radiation and film screen combinations must match.
All extraoral film are not enclosed in moisture proof packs -they are not wrapped individually and come in packs of 50 or 100 and are light sensitive! |
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Term
| What are intensifying screens used for? |
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Definition
| A device that transfers x-ray energy into visible light; the visible light then exposes the screen film. This lowers the radiation dosage to the patient. |
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Term
| What are the two types of extraoral screen film? |
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Definition
Green sensitive - using rate earth intensifying screens - use less radiation than tungsten.
Blue sensitive - used with cassettes that have calcium tungstate intensifying screens. |
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Term
| Where is extraoral film equipment kept? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is Duplicating film used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the terms used for film before and after it has been processed? |
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Definition
Before: Flim
After: Radiograph |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy carried by waves or streams of particles |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiation- form of energy carried by waves or stream of particles |
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Term
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Definition
| A beam of energy that has the power to penetrate substances and reord image shadows on photographic film. |
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Term
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Definition
| A picture on film, also called an xray film produced by the passage of xrays through an object or body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Radiograph - picture on film produced by passage of x-rays through an object or body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the uses of dental radiographs? |
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Definition
Detect lesions
confirm or classify suspected disease
localize lesions or foreign objects
provide information during dental procedures
evaluate growth and development
illustrate changes secondary to caries, periodontal disease, trauma
document the condition of a patient |
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Term
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Definition
Anything that occupies space
3 states: solid, liquid, gas |
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Term
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Definition
the fundamental unit of matter.
Can not be chemically divided. |
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Term
| What does the nucleus of an atom contain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An atom that gains or loses an electron and becomes electrically unbalanced is called an ion. |
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Term
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Definition
When an electron is removed from an atom in the ionizationprocess, an ion pair results
The atom becomes the ositive ion
The ejected electron becomes the negative ion. |
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Term
| What is radiation vs Radioactivity? |
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Definition
Raditation is the emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves or particcles.
Radioactivity is the process by which certain unstable unstable atoms or elements undergo spontaneous distintegration, or decay, in an effort to attain a more balanced nuclear state. |
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Term
| What are the two groups of ionizing radiation? |
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Definition
Particulate radiation
Electromagnetic radiation. |
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Term
| What are the 4 types of Particulate Radiation? |
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Definition
1. Electrons
2. Protons
3. Neutrons
4 Alpha particles |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of Particulate Radiation electrons? |
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Definition
Beta particles: fast moving electrons emitted from the nucleus of radioactiveatoms.
Cathode rays: streams of high-speed electrons that origin ate in an x-ray tube. |
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Term
| What is electromagnetic radiation? |
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Definition
| The propogation of wavelike energy witout mass, through space or matter. travels at speed of light. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 film processing steps? |
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Definition
1. Development
2. Rinsing
3. Fixing
4. washing
5. Drying |
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Term
| what are the 4 basic ingredients to Developer solution? |
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Definition
1. Developing agent
2. Preservative
3. Accelerator
4. Restrainer |
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