Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what is a parapneumic effusion |
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Definition
| an effusion in the pleural space that occurs from pneumonia |
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Term
| how do you decide if a parapneumonic effusion needs to be drained or will resolve on its own? |
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Definition
if the effusion is an empyema, you must drain it.
this can be determined by determining the pleural fluid pH. If low (less than 7.2), you gotta drain it |
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Term
| pleural effusion with elevated lymphocytes means ___________ |
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Definition
| tb or lymphoma causing effusion |
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Term
| what do you give to a pt with bone pain from bony mets from prostate cancer? |
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Definition
| to treat the pain you can give etidronate disodium |
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Term
| does p. jiroveci have a productive or non productive cough? |
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Definition
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Term
| cxr shows solid mass with radiolucent crescent? |
|
Definition
monods sign
seen in aspergillosis |
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Term
| sx of coarctation of the aorta |
|
Definition
HTN
often asymptomatic...but may have:
HA, epistaxis, blurred vision, heart failure (all 2/2 blurred vision) |
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Term
| what is found on PE of coarctation of the aorta? |
|
Definition
-brachial femoral delay
-different bp in upper and lower limbs
-weakened lower body (esp in infants) |
|
|
Term
| what does ekg show in coarcation of the aorta? |
|
Definition
-LVH
-big QRS
-ST and T wave changes in left precordial leads |
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Term
|
Definition
-notching of 3rd-8th rib due to large intercostal arteries
-"3" sign of aorta |
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Term
|
Definition
| extreme generalized edema |
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|
Term
| electolyte and abg changes in severe sleep apnea |
|
Definition
1. hypventilation at night = hypercapnia that resolves during awake time (unless they have obesity related persistant hypoventilation)
2. to respond to the hi CO2, the kidneys retain HCO3 and dump Cl
In summary: hi pCO2 causing resp acidosis, compesatory hi HCO3, low Cl |
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|
Term
| F/U after incidentally finding cyst on kidney? |
|
Definition
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Term
| asbestos increases risk for what types of cancer? |
|
Definition
1. broncogenic carcinoma (#1)
2. mesothelioma
both may have plaques, but bronchogenic will have a discrete mass |
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Term
|
Definition
-coarse facial features
-oily skin
-dough like palms
-skin tags
-carpal tunnel |
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Term
|
Definition
1. check IGF1 level. if normal acromegally is ruled out.
2. if IGF1 is hi, do oral glucose-growth hormone suppression test. if glucose supresses GH normally than RO acromegally
3. if glucose does not suppress GH...then do MRI of brain. Likely pituitary mass. |
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|
Term
| what drug can cause acquired sideroblastic anemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does isoniazid cause sideroblastic anemia? |
|
Definition
| its a pyridoxine antagonist which impairs protopophryin synthesis. sideroblastic anemia mimics iron def anemia. |
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Term
| best way to tell sideroblastic anemia from IDA? |
|
Definition
| sideroblastic anemia will have: "dimorphic" RBC population, hi serum Fe and low TIBC |
|
|
Term
| confirmatin of sideroblastic anemia |
|
Definition
| bone marrow biopsy shows sideroblasts! |
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Term
| tx of sideroblastic anemia |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| tx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in young ppl |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| management of supraventricular tachy |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
narrow complex tachycardia
about 160 bpm |
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|
Term
| skin cancer that looks "punched out" |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| surgical guidelines for removing basal cell carcinoma |
|
Definition
| surgical excision with 1-2 mm with clear margins |
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|
Term
| young person with htn who develops hypokalemia easily after starting thiazide |
|
Definition
| consider primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
|
Term
| best way to screen for primary hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
1. early morning plasma aldosterone concentration
2. plasma renin activity |
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|
Term
| parasthesias after blood transfusion |
|
Definition
| many blood products have citrate anticoagulant which chelates Ca and causes hypocalcemia --> paresthsia |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| pathogenesis of carpal tunnel |
|
Definition
| accumulation of matrix substances |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who gets pseudomonas pneumonia? |
|
Definition
CF pts
or pts with bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
| pneumonia + cold agglutinins in blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kidney is easier to palpate? why? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| polycystic kidney disease |
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|
Term
| tumors at the grey white matter jxn of the brain often are ___________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| management of brain tumor from lung mets |
|
Definition
| surgical resectino followed by chemo |
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Term
|
Definition
A multisystemic inflammatory disease
-oral ulcers
-genital ulcers
-anterior uveitis
-hyperpigmented erythema nodosum |
|
|
Term
| back paint hat radiates to butt and thighs that interferes with walking and lumbar extension |
|
Definition
| degenerative central canal stenosis |
|
|
Term
| what does erythema nodosum look like |
|
Definition
| painful, subcut nodules on anterior surface of lower legs. |
|
|
Term
| what is erythema nodosum assocaited with? |
|
Definition
| sarcoid, tb histoplasmosis and inflammatory bowel disease |
|
|
Term
| how do we calculate number needed to treat? |
|
Definition
| 1/absolute risk reduction |
|
|
Term
| who can get mallory hyaline in liver? |
|
Definition
alcoholics
those with wilsons disease |
|
|
Term
| what cancer goes with HNPCC besides colon cancer |
|
Definition
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