Term
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Definition
| The gradual increasae in the temperature of the earth's atmopshere believed to be due to the greenhouse effect. |
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Term
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Definition
A colorless odorless gas CO2, produced by burning carbon and organic compounds, and by respiration and absorbed by the plants.
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Term
What is the Green house Effect?
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Definition
| The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmosopheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all direction. |
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Term
What Is A Green House Gas?
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Definition
| Green house gases is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. The primary green house gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon diocidem methane, nitrous oxide and ozone. |
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Term
What are the features and size of the Mantle?
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Definition
The mantle is a dense and mostly solid silicate rock. The average temperature is 5400°F (3000°C). It is soild because of the high pressures. The density is between 4.3g/cm3 and 5.4g/cm3
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Term
What are the features and size of the Crust?
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Definition
| The ceust covers the mantle as an outer shell. Compared to others, the crust is more thin. It is made up of solid material. There are two types of crusts. Oceanic crust and Continetal crust. Onceanic is about 4-7 miles (6-11km) thick and consists of heavy rocks. Continental crust is thicker than Oceanic. 19 miles (30 km) thick, mainly made up of light material like grantie. |
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Term
What are the features and sizes of the inner and outer core?
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Definition
| The inner is a solid. With the diameter of about 1,220 km. Made up of iron nickel alloy. About 9,800°F, which is about the same temperature as the surface of the sun. The outer core is a lidquid, about 2,266 jm thick. It is composed of iron and nickel. It is about 8000°F |
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Term
What is the Asthenosphere?
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Definition
| The Asthenosphere is part of the upper layer of the mantle. Plates float on this because of conevstion currents. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Lithopshere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. |
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Term
What are Convection Currents and how are they made.
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Definition
| Conection Currents is the movement within fluids. They are created when warm air rises and coll air sinks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alfred Wegner developed the theory of the continental drift. |
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Term
What was the Theory of Continetal Drift?
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Definition
| The Continental Drift theory says that the continents drifted away from eachother on a liquid layer. It also states that the continents were all once joined together. There are types of plants and animals found in both American and Africa that are the same. The continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. |
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Term
What are Convergent Plate Boundaries
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Definition
| Convergent Plate boundaries is when two or maybe more plates move toward on another and collide. This results of pressure anad friction. And they results in earthquakes and/or volcanoes to erupting. |
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Term
What are Divergent Plate Boundaries?
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Definition
| Divergent plate boundaries are when twotectonic plates are moving away from eachother other. They usually occuer between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. The also form volcanic islands. These occur when plates move apart and produce gaps, which molten lava rises to fill. |
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Term
What are Transform Fault Plate Boundaries?
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Definition
| A tranfsorm fault plate boundaries is a typle of fault whose motion is either horizontal or in another direction.They are the only type of strike-slip fault that can be classified as a platue boundary. They show up on seafloor as valleys, that are deep. |
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Term
What is the Theory of Plate Tectonics
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Definition
| The theory states, that the Earth is made up of seven large an dmany smaller plates. The plates are also moving. They move about 1 to 16 centimeters per year. |
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Term
What are Earthquakes? How are they formed?
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Definition
| Earthquakes are violent shakings of the ground. Which sometimes causes big damage. They usually occur along any type of plate boundary. Formed with two plates slide past eachother, causing a shaking in the ground. |
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Term
What is the Elastic Rebound Theory? How does it act like a rubber band?
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Definition
| The elastic rebound theory explains how energry is spread during earthquakes. As rocks on oppsite sides are being shifted and they give energry. One a certain movent occurs, it releases the energry. It is like a rubberband because, the creust is like the band. Once it snaps it releases energry. |
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Term
| During an earthquake, how does energy flow? |
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Definition
| The energy flows in waves. S & P waves. The S wave can only go through liquid, but the P wave can go through both liquid and solid. |
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Term
What device is used to locate Earthquakes?
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Definition
| You would use a seismogram. The S & P intervals are ued to determine when the earthquake as started. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primary waves are an earthquake wave, in which rock particles vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave travel. It can travel through both solids and liquids. |
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Term
What are Secondary Waves?
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Definition
| Secondary waves are an earthquake wave, in which rock particles vibrate in a zig-zag line. Not in a parallel in. It can only travel through solids. Not liquid. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surfaces waves are a seismic wave that travels across the surface of the Earth. Not through it. They usually have lareger amplitudes and longer wavelengths than body waves. Travel more slowly then both S & P waves. There are twp types of Surface ways. One is a Love Wave and the other one is a Rayleigh Wave. |
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Term
What does a seismograph measure?
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Definition
| A seismograph measures the vibrations made when earth layers move, such as the waves of movement during an earthquake. It measures the frequency and amplitude. |
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Term
Where is the Epicenter located?
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Definition
| The Epicenter is located on the earth's surface directly about the focus. It is in the center. |
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Term
Where is the Focus located?
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Definition
| The Focus is located a place underground where the earthquake is centered. This place is underneath the epicenter. |
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Term
What does the Mercalli Scale measure?
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Definition
| The Mercalli Scale measures the damage of the earthquake. It has 12 intensity levels. 1 began barely and damage adn 12 being a lot of damage. To much to fix. |
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Term
What does the Richter Scale measure?
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Definition
| The Richter Scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake. Which is how much energry is released? It is done by seismopgraphs. |
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Term
| What are the hazards that come along with Earthquakes? |
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Definition
The hazards that occur because of earthquakes are:
- Aftershock
- Flooding
- Fault and Ground Displacement
- Landslides
- Fire
- Tsunami
- Ground motion (shaking)
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Term
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Definition
| Volcanoes can result from the movement of plates. Which causes an opening in the Eath's crust. The magma has then reached the surface. The vents can realease molten rock, ash and poisonouse gases. Volcanoes have one central vent. Three types of volcanoes: Shield, Compostie and Cinder cones |
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Term
What is the Ring of Fire?
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Definition
| The Ring of Fire is a ring of volcanes. Located around the Pacific Ocean that results from subduction of oceanic plates beneath the lighter continental plates. |
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Term
What is a Composite Volcano?
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Definition
| Composite volcanoes form when runny lava escapes through a fissure and flows a long way. This volcanoes are tall cone-shaped mountains that are typically steepy-sided. Built up by accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders and ash. |
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Term
What is a Sheild Volcano?
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Definition
| A Sheild Volcano is a gently sloping mountain. Eruptions are mild and happen many times. This is the biggest volcano type. |
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Term
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Definition
| A Cinder Cone is a steep conical hill of volcanic debris that accumulates around and downwind from a volcanic vent. This type of eruption is the smallest and most abundant. |
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Term
| What are the Volcano Hazards? |
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Definition
They Volcano Hazards are:
- Lahars
- Pyroclastic Flows
- Lava Flows and Domes
- Volcanic Gases
- Volcano Landslides
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Term
| Where is the Troposhpere Located? |
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Definition
| This is the layer closest to the Earth's surface up to 8-15 km. Almost all weather occurs here. The most dense atmopsheric layer. As you increase altitude it gets cooler. |
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Term
| Where is the Stratopshere Located? |
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Definition
| This layer contains the ozone layer. From an altitude of 8-50 km. Temps increase from bottom to top (-67°F - 32°F) Very little water vapor found in this part which causes little weather to occur so this is a calm region. |
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Term
How does CFC change the Ozone Layer?
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Definition
| It is caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons. When the CfC's reach the startosphere, the ultaviolent radiation from sun causes them to break apart. As they break apart they release Chlorine atoms, which react with ozone. |
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Term
| Where is the Mesosphere Located? |
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Definition
| Coldest layer of the earth. Found between 50-80 km. Temps decrease as altitude gets higher. (down to -112°F) |
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Term
Where is the Thermopshere Located?
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Definition
| It is found at 80-480 km above the earth's surface. Temps get very hot in this part of the atmosphere (up to 1796°F) |
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Term
| What causes the tempertaure to be hot in the Ionosphere? |
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Definition
| Electrically charged ions are formed, causes hot temperatures. The Auroras are found here. |
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Term
What happens during precipitation, condensation, evaporation and transpiration?
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Definition
| The cycle happens through atmospheric ocean and land. Driven by energy from the sun. During precipitation, water falls from clouds back to Earth. During condensation, as water rises higher in the atmopshere it starts to cool and become a liquid again. In evaporation, the sun heats up liquid water and charges it to a gas. In transpiration, it is the evaporatuibn from plants. |
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Term
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Definition
The forms are liquid, freezing and frozen.
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Term
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Definition
| Is is the amount of water vapor in the air. Higher it is, it reduces the effectiveness of sweating in colling th ebody by reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
Is it the temperature below which the water vapor in a volume of humid air at a given barometric pressure. |
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Term
| In a high pressure, how is this formed? |
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Definition
| They develop around hurricanes. This is where cold wind rises and mixes with warm winds |
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Term
| In a low pressure, how is it formed? |
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Definition
| This is formed when warm wind rises. Cold air and warm air mixes and makes violent winds. |
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Term
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Definition
| This are lines of constant or equal pressure on the map.This meausres the air pressure in the atmopshere. |
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Term
What does an Isotherm measure?
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Definition
| This are lines of constant or equal temperature. Often used on weather maps to give large scale view of temps across U.S. |
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Term
| What are the differences between the four types of air masses? |
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Definition
| Maritime Tropical is wet and warm. Maritime Polar is wet and cold. Continental Tropical is warm and dry. And Continental Polar is cold and dry. |
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Term
| Where do warm fronts come from? |
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Definition
| Warm fronts come from South East or the from the Gulf of Mexico |
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Term
| What is the symbol of a cold front? |
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Definition
| It is a blue line with trianlges pointing in the direction of travel. |
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Term
| What are the conditions of a Stationary Front? |
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Definition
| It is like a warm front with long periods of rain fall. |
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Term
How does a startus cloud look like. What type of weather comes with this cloud?
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Definition
| This cloud is like a sheet and layered. Looks just like a blanket. It is found layered found at around 6km, of the Eath's surface. It is seen after rain. |
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Term
How does a Cumulus cloud look like. What type of weather comes with this cloud?
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Definition
| This type of cloud is white, fluffy and has a flat bottom. You would see this cloud on a sunny day. |
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Term
How does a Cirrus cloud look like. What type of weather comes with this cloud?
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Definition
| This cloud is a thin and wispy. Looks slender and weak. Come with thunderstorms |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count. Is the overall weather over a long period of time. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Weather and climate? |
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Definition
| Weather is the weather over a shorter period of time and Climate is the weather over a longer period of time. |
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Term
Describe the three main climate zones.
[image]
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Definition
| First on is Polar. Polar has the coldest temperatures basically always below freezing Second on is Temperate. This climate zone basically has most of the landmasses. Has moderate temperatres and rainfall all year. The third one is tropical. Tropical has the warmest average temperatures and gets more rain then the other two climate zones. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are very large areas on the Earth's surface, with animals and plants adapting to their environment. |
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Term
Where is the Desert Biome located? What is the climate like?
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Definition
| It is located in the Sahara Desert, in North Africa. It is very hot and dry with very little rain. |
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Term
Where is the Forest Biome located? What is the climate like?
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Definition
| This is located near the equator in Central & South America. Also some parts of Asia and Africa. The climate is hot and humid. |
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Term
Where is the Grassland Biome located? What is the climate like?
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Definition
| This is located in south Africa, northen Australia and central South America. Has many grass and trees with large bushes. Climates are temperate continental with mild weather and moderate rainfall. |
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Term
Where is the Grassland Tundra Biome located? What is the climate like?
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Definition
| It is located around the North and South poles. It is extremely cold climate, temperatures often reach about -50°F in the winter. Covers about 1/5 of the earth's land surface. |
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Term
What are the basic ingredients in order to make a thunderstorm?
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Definition
| You need moisture, unstable air and a lift. Moisture from clouds and rain. Unstable air that is relatively warm and can rise rapidly and lift from fronts, sea breezes or mountains. |
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Term
What are the three life stages of a thunderstorm?
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Definition
- Developing Stage
- Mature Stage
- Dissipating Stage
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Term
What is a single cell thunderstorm?
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Definition
| There is only one major source of warm, moist air and the storm ends quickly. This happens because it runs out of ammunition. Most common in tropics. Where the weather is worm and moist air abounds. Small ones occur almost everyday. |
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Term
What is a multi-cell thunderstorm?
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Definition
| This thunderstorm that has multiple celks. Each at a different stage in the life cycle. One majos ource of warm and moist air. Ends quickly. |
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Term
What is a super cell thunderstorm?
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Definition
| In this storm the clouds actually break up through the troposhere. This storm has tremendous energy, it can turn into hurricanes and tornadoes. |
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Term
Can you descibe a squall line?
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Definition
| It is a narrow band of high winds and also storms. This is associated with a cold front. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a massive electrostaic discharge. Either within clouds, or between a cloud and the Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a loud rumbling and/or crashing noise. This is heard after a lighting flash. Light travels faster than sound so we see the lightning then we hear the thunder. |
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Term
| How do we measure the strength of a tornado? |
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Definition
| It is measured by the Fujita Scale. It goes from FO TO F5. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is based on 6 categories that describe the damage caused by the tornado. Goes from F0 TO F5. FO is little to no damage. While F5 is a lot of damage. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is located around the states of: Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma and more. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a sotrm that has violent winds. It is a violent uproar/outburst. They develop over warm water. They use water as an energy source. |
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Term
What is a Saffir-Simpson Scale?
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Definition
| This sca;e goes from 1 to 5. It is based on the hurrican'es intensity. They use it to give an estimate of the damage and flooding expected. Wind speed is the determining factor in the scale. |
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Term
What are the components of a Surface Observation Symbol?
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Definition
| They are temperature, weather symbol, cloud cover, wind bard, sea level pressure, dew point temperature. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy |
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Definition
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Term
| What is potential energy? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula for calculating potential energy? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| It is stored in particles that make up the food you eat and fuel. Food gives you chemical energy which allows you to have enrgy to do things. |
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Term
What is Mechanical Energy
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Definition
| It is the matter in motion. A jet flying has this kind of energy. Sound is another example. |
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Term
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Definition
| It originates from the spiltting of uranium atoms in a process called fisson. Used by a turbine to generate electricity |
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Term
What is the movement of Electical Energy?
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Definition
| The movement of these charged particles are negative and positive. They come from batteries and power plants. Power PLants burn fuel to make electricity. |
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Term
What happens to the particles from Thermal Energy?
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Definition
| The particles move. As they move faster, the warmer it gets. The slower they move the colder it gets. |
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Term
| What are some exaples of Energy Transformation? |
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Definition
- Radiant energy
- Electrical Energy
- Chemical Energy
- Nuclear Energy
- Thermal/Heat Energy
- Mechanical energy
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Term
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy mean?
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Definition
| This means that energy that can be neither created or destroyed by ordinary means. Can only be converted from one form to another. You can't increase of decrase the amount of energy. |
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Term
What is the formation, sources and primary uses of fossil fuels?
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Definition
| They take over a million years to form. There are three primary uses are coal, oil and natural gas. They are formed from dead plant and animal matter. |
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Term
How is Coal, Natural Gas and Oil formed?
[image]
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Definition
| Coal was formed from when the earth was covered in thick plant life. High pressure and heat turned the lignite into a harder type of coal. Natural Gas is formed when dead plant or animal matter is compressed underneath the earth with lots of pressure a lots of years. Oil is formed 300 millions years ago, by diatoms. They are sea creatures the size of a pin head. |
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Term
| What kind of energy is Alternative Energy? |
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Definition
| It is the energy that does not harm the Earth or have any green house gases. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the energy that the sun pas produced for over billions of years. It is the sun's rays that reach the earth. This energy can be conerted into other forms of energy. Like heat and electricity. |
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Term
How is Wind Energy caused?
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Definition
| This energy is the movemnt of air. It is caused by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. Since surface is made of ery different types of land and water, it absorbs the sun's heat at different rates. |
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Term
How can we recover the heat from using geothermal energy?
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Definition
| It is the heat from within the Earth. You can recover this heat as steam or hot water and use it to heat buildings or generate electricity. |
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Term
What is Hydroelectric Energy?
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Definition
| It is the use of dammed water to generate electricity. It produces the most electricity in the U.S. |
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Term
What is Biomass made out of?
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Definition
| Made out of organic material made from plants, which can be burned and used as foissl fuels. |
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Term
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Definition
| This moves huge amount of water twice a day, and harnessing it could provide a great deal of energy about 20% of Britain's needs. |
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Term
| What are some examples of Renewable Energy? |
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Definition
- Hydropower
- Wind Energy
- Solar Power
- Geothermal & MORE
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Term
| What are some examples of Nonrenewable energy? |
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Definition
- Coal
- Oil
- Natural Gas
- Lignite & more.
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Term
When do two objects repel eachother? When do they attract?
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Definition
When they have the same charges
When they have opposite charges. |
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Term
| What is Static Electricity? |
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Definition
| It is the build up of electrical charge on an object. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is an imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material. Charge re until it is able to move away. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allows electricity to flow through it. Most metals are conductors. Best ones are gold, copper, silver, iron, aluminum and nickel. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is a material/object that doesn't let electricity pass through it, easily. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the SI unit of electric charge, equal to the quantity of electricity converted in 1 second by a current of 1 ampere. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a unit which expresses how much energy a unit of charge will recieve if it is moved from one kocation at one voltage to another. |
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Term
What is Resistance?
Resistance is anything that slow or stops movement or keeps movement from happening. |
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Definition
| It is anything that slows or stops the movement or keeps the movement from happening. |
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Term
What is current electricity?
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Definition
| Flow of electric charge. Flows when there is voltage present across a conductor. |
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Term
What does the Ohm's Law mean?
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Definition
Describes the relationship between the current, voltage and resistance in a circuit.
V=IR |
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Term
| What is the Formula for calculating Resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Formula for calculating Current? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Formula for calculating voltage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a series circuit? |
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Definition
| Has a cell, wires, switch and lamp. When one bulb blows out doesn't work. |
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Term
| What is a parallel Curcuit? |
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Definition
| When one bulb blows out still works because it has many pathways. |
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