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| Overall , atoms want to “see” 8 electrons |
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| Covalent bonds: In order for atoms to “see” 8 electrons, they will share electrons with atoms next to them, this sharing is the bond |
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| Ionic bonds: Some atoms don’t share well, they have very different “pull” on the electrons and the stronger one will “steal” the electron from the weaker |
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| Orbitals: Electrons like to stay in levels, a lot like rungs of a ladder. Each level (called an orbital) only has room for a specific number of electrons. When the first level is full, the electrons start on the next level |
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| Balanced Reactions: Matter cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, there has to be the same number of each atom in the reactants (before) as the products (after). |
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| pH scale: a scale of 1(acid)-14(base). 7 is neutral. Numbers close to the ends (1 and 14) are very dangerous because they can be very reactive. |
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| When you are checking to see if an equation is balanced, use the word REP to help. Make the chart and fill in the elements in the E column. Then count the number of atoms of each element in the reactant side, then count them on the reactant side. If the numbers match, the reaction is balanced, if the numbers do NOT match, the reaction is not balanced. |
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