lava

magma that flows out onto Earth's surface

igneous rocks

form when lava or magma cools and minerals crystallize

partial melting

the process in which some minerals melt at low temps while other minerals remain solid

Bowen's reaction series

sequential, predictable, dual-branched pattern in which minerals crystallize from colling magma

fractional crystallization

process in which  dif. minerals crystallize from magma at dif. temps, removing elements from magma