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| Tests for Alkenes and Alkanes |
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Alkenes turn brown bromine water colorless.
Both burns w/ blue or yellow flame. |
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Few drops - Biuret solution (Copper II sulfate)
Few drops - Sodium hydroxide
Turns purple if protein present, otherwise colorless |
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Two drops - Iodine solution
Turns blue/black if starch present, brown otherwise. |
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Few drops - Benedict's solution
Heat in water bath
Turns orange if glucose present, blue otherwise |
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4 drops fat in test tube
2cm3 ethanol - Shake
2cm3 water - Shake
Cloudy white if fat present. |
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| 'Pops' with lighted splint |
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Test for Carbon Dioxide
(Litmus) (Reaction w/ water) |
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Turns damp blue litmus paper red.
Forms carbonic acid with water.
Turns limewater milky - Solid precipitate calcium carbonate |
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Test for Chlorine
(litmus, color) |
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Turns damp litmus paper red, then bleaches it white.
Green/yellow in color
Choking, pungent smell. |
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Turns damp red litmus paper blue
Pungent smell
Forms white smoke w/ HCl to form ammonium chloride |
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Turns blue cobalt chloride paper pink
Turns white anhydrous copper(II) sulfate crystals blue
Vapor condenses as colorless liquid on cold glassware |
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Test for Hydrogen Chloride
(pH, w/ ammonia) |
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Pungent smell
Fumes in moist air.
pH 1
Forms white smoke w/ Ammonia, producing ammonium chloride |
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Test for Carbon Monoxide
(flame color) |
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| Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate. Result: white ppt. |
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| Add aqueous sodium hydroxide, then aluminum foil (Devarda's alloy). Warm carefully. Ammonia produced. |
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| Add dilute acid: Effervescence (CO2 produced) |
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| Acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous barium nitrate. Result: White ppt. |
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| Aqueous Cations: Copper (II) |
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Definition
+Sodium Hydroxide: Light Blue ppt, insoluble in excess.
+Ammonia: Light Blue ppt, soluble in excess, giving dark blue solution |
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| Aqueous Cations: Ammonium |
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Definition
| Add sodium hydroxide, warm, ammonia produced |
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| Aqueous Cations: Iron(II) |
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Definition
| Add Sodium Hydroxide or Ammonia: Green ppt, insoluble in excess. |
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| Aqueous Cations: Iron (III) |
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| Add Sodium Hydroxide and Ammonia: Red-brown ppt, insoluble in excess. |
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| Add Sodium Hydroxide or Ammonia: White ppt, soluble in excess, producing colorless solution. |
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| Aqueous Cations: Aluminum |
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| Add Sodium Hydroxide or Ammonia: White ppt, soluble in excess. |
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| Add sodium hydroxide or ammonia: White ppt, insoluble in excess |
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| Aqueous Cations: Magnesium |
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| Add Sodium Hydroxide or Ammonia: White ppt, insoluble in excess |
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| To degrade or lower in position |
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| To formally give up, especially power |
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| Humiliating, completely without pride or dignity |
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| To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath |
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| Characterized by self-denial or abstinence |
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| Having to do with ideas rather than concrete things |
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| Quickness of intellectual insight |
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| Behavior designed to impress others |
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| One who knows a lot abut a subject and is keen on it |
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| Character and atmosphere of a place |
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| Unclear, having more than one meaning |
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| To relieve from pain or hardship |
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| Something that relieves pain |
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| Similar and able to be compared with something else |
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| General lack of interest or enthusiasm |
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| Great self-confidence, poise or assurance |
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| Based on preference or bias rather than fact or reason |
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