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IDEAS EXAM 2014
Newhaven College Ideas exam 2014
70
Education
9th Grade
10/11/2014

Additional Education Flashcards


 

 


 

Cards

Term
SCUMPS- what does it stand for?
Definition
S- size
C- colour and texture
U- uses and level of use (H/M/L)
M- materials
P- parts (man made and natural)
S- shape (field sketch)
Term
BOLTSSNA- what does it stand for?
Definition
B- border
O- orientation
L- legend
T- title
S- scale
S- source
N- neat
A- accurate
Term
ECOSYSTEM
BIOTICS & ABIOTIC
defenitions
Definition
ECOSYSTEM- The system of relationships of biotic factors and their interactions with abiotic factors

BIOTIC- Living factors in the ecosystem. Eg plants, animals, the relationships between them.

ABIOTIC-Non-living factors in the ecosystem, physical factors. Eg weather, wind, water, rock
Term
Types of BIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Definition
-competition
-predation
-mutualism
-parasitism
-commensalism
Term
BIODIVERSITY defenition
Definition
diversity of species plant and animal in a community, environment or ecosystem
Term
ADAPTATIONS defenitions and types
Definition
ADAPTATIONS- evolution of change of an organism to enable them to be successful in a particular ecosystem STRUCTURAL- changes of a body part to help it survive BEHAVIOURAL- habits of actions that helps its survival Eg. nocturnal FUNCTIONAL-the way the body works, automatic functions
Term
PRODUCER, DECOMPOSER AND CONSUMER defenitions
Definition

PRODUCER-make food using the suns energy Eg: plants, phytoplankton

CONSUMER-Primary/1st order consumers are Herbivores Secondary/ 2nd order consumers- omnivores and carnivore Tertiary/ 3rd order consumers- carnivores

DECOMPOSER- insects and bacteria that breakdown dead organisms and return them to the soil.

Term
FOOD CHAIN & FOOD WEB
definitions
Definition
FOOD CHAIN- food chains show the flow of energy amongst a group of organisms

Eg- green plant- → butterfly-→frog -→ snake --→ kookaburra.

Each organism provides the energy needed for the next in the food chain

FOOD WEB-these show all the feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
Term
TROPHIC LEVELS 1-4
Definition

1- producers, marine plants, phytoplankton, algae, seagrasses

2- Browsers and grazers of algae and consumers of phytoplankton.Eg.Limpet Filter feeders; consumers of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Eg. sponges Deposit feeders which eat detritus ooze and slime covering rocks and mud shores.Eg. Mudflat Sentinel Crab

3- First level carnivores. They hunt down herbivores Eg. Mulberry Whelk 4- Second level carnivores. They hunt down and eat both first level carnivores and herbivores. Eg. Port Jackson Shark

Term
SUSPENSION & DEPOSIT FEEDERS
defenition
Definition
SUSPENSION FEEDERS- consume plankton
DEPOSIT FEEDERS- consume detritus
Term
NUTRIENT ABSORBERS
Definition
producers
Term
When, where and why did the S.S. Speke sink?
Definition
WHEN- the 22nd of February 1906 at approx 3pm

WHERE- Watts Point near Kitty Miller Bay

WHY- Captains faulty navigations, mistaking a bushfire on shore for a lighthouse. gale force winds and high rough seas. This concluded to the ship hitting a reef
Term
What happened to the crew of the S.S.Speke?
Definition
The entirety of the crew survived except for Frank Henderson who drowned when the life boat that was launched but capsized.
Term
What artefacts or remnants from the ship still exist and where can they be found?
Definition
-Wreckage of the S.S.Speke including the bow can be found at Kitty Miller Bay

-The compass box and part of the figurehead can be found in the Cowes Historical Museum

- the ship's bell is at the Cowes Uniting Church
Term
What was interesting about the construction of the S.S.Speke for her time?
Definition
-was one of the largest masted full rigged ships ever to exist

-93m in length

-the bottom of the boat was made out of steel which was very unusual for the time
Term
The BUNURONG PEOPLE
-who
-where
-language
-Bass Coats region
Definition
-They are the Indigenous People from south eastern Victoria

-their land stretching from Werribee River to Wilson's Promontory

-they are part of the language group of the Koolin

-The Yalloc Bulluck Bunurong and Lowandjeri Bulluk Bunurong tribes
Term
THE YALLOC BULLUK BUNURONG
Definition
- one of the largest clans
-eastern catchment of Westernport Bay
Term
THE LOWANDJERI BULLUK BUNURONG
Definition
-Andersons Inlet, Tarwin Lower, Warratah Bay, Wilsons Promontory, Cape Liptrap,

-most likely the first aboriginals in Victoria to make contact with European mariners and explorers
Term
KOALAS general knowledge
Definition
-Marsupials -overall of size of 2-3 feet -there are 3 different types of koalas -the males are larger than females -the northern koalas are smaller than other koalas -they eat eucalyptus leaves
Term
KOALAS historical points
Definition

-lived in Australia for 23 million years

-introduced to Phillip Island in the late 1800's

-since European settlement 80% of the koala's habitat has been destroyed

-more koalas bought to Phillip Island and French Island in 1930's for a captive breeding program

-1919-1930 over 2 million koalas were killed

Term
KOALAS
population
Definition
-1950's 3-4 thousand koalas on Phillip Island

-1970's approx 500 koalas living on Phillip Island

-today there are approx 20-30 koalas living on Phillip Island

-Approx 80,000 koalas remain in the wild today
Term
KOALAS
threats
Definition
-destruction of habitat

-domestic animals

-bushfires

-diseases, in particular Chlamydia

-human activity
Term

MANGROVES

general knowledge

Definition
  • small scrub/tree
  • air breathing roots
  • producers some species can grow up to 25m
  • shallow root system
Term

MANGROVES

importance & benefits

Definition

-habitat for birds, mammals, crustaceans and fish Eg.

-breeding place and protection

-improves water quality by filtering pollutants
-improves soil quality

-protects shoreline from erosion

-produces litter which is then broken down by bacteria to create food for fish and prawns

Term

MANGROVES

adaptions for survival

Definition
-roots adapt to have the ability to line in soft sediment
-salt excretion/exclusion allows them to live near ocean
-specialised root structures allows them to survive in oxygenpoor sediment.
-viviparity and dispersal are changes for reproduction
Term

MANGROVES

threats

Definition
 
-tides may wrench out seedlings
-extremely cold weather can stunt growth or kill seedlings
-sea wrack can smother the apical shoot stunting growth
-barnacles when covering the plant can stunt growth and ultimately kill the mangrove
-stupid people
Term

MANGROVES

location/habitat

Definition
  • grow in the intertidal zone around Australia
  • large percentage of Australia's coast is covered by mangroves -costal areas & muddy wetlands
Term

REMNANT VEGETATION

defenition

Definition
A piece of original land that is remaining. Fragments of original habitat.
Term

THREATENED, RARE & VULNERABLE

definitions

Definition

THREATENED-vulnerable to endangerment in the near furture

 

RARE-very uncommon, scarce and infrequently encountered 

 

VULNERABLE-likely to become endangerd

Term
ENDANGERED & CRITICALLY ENDANGERED
definitions
Definition
ENDANGERED- risk of extinction

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED- incredibly high risk of extinction
Term
LOCALLY EXTINCT & EXTINCT
defenitions
Definition
LOCALLY EXTINCT-a species that is non-existent in a certain area

EXTINCT-a species that is no longer in existence
Term
EVC'S
definition
Definition
ecological vegetation classes map; shows different species of vegetation in an area
Term
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
Phillip Island 1750
Definition
-Swamp scrub

-Grassy plains

-Woodlands

-Costal dunce scrub

-The whole Island was covered in vegetation
Term
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION
Phillip Island 1750
Definition
-Swamp scrub

-Grassy plains

-Woodlands

-Costal dunce scrub

-The whole Island was covered in vegetation
Term
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION causes
Definition

-deforestation

-bushfires

-introduced species

-chemicals and pesticides

-industrial

-residential

-farming

-tourism

Term
HABITAT FRAGMENTATION effects
Definition
-micro climactic changes -different inhabitants -pest animals -weed invasions -noise, use and activity is higher -pollutions/waste
Term
EDGE EFFECT definition and general knowledge
Definition

EDGE EFFECT-the outside border of a specific environment

-it is generally introduced grass and is open and sparse

-not suitable for animals to live in

- this term is used to explain the consequences on vegetation and wildlife that occur due to one type of vegetation sharing a border with another

-can be natural or manmade

Term
EDGE EFFECT reduction of negative impacts
Definition
-shortening lengths -modifying shape -re-vegetation -fencing wildlife habitats -controlling weeds and pest animals
Term
NUDIBRANCHS
Definition

-habitat is tidal pools, coral reef and the depths of the oceans

-there are 271 species of nudibranchs, 125 which live in San Remo

-2nd level consumers

-they are threatened by the rising levels of sediment POC (particulate organic carbon) which can suffocate them

-external lungs

Term
SEAGRASS
habitat
Definition
-can be found in costal water universally
- seagrass is most likely found shallow, intertidal zones, sheltered marine coastlines as these factors provide suitable nutrients
Term
SEAGRASS
benfits
Definition
-helps stabilise sediment
-keeps water clear
-food source and habitat for many different sealife
Term
SEAGRASS threats
Definition
-storms -excessive grazing -diseases -air pollution -water pollution -excessive nutrients -sedimentation -run off -sunlight -marine slime mouls
Term
SAN REMO BRIDGE
impact on wildlife
Definition
-when first built, would've dramatically scarred the area that bottom dwellers lived on

- new ecosystem formed for mollusks and other small creatures

-as the concrete decays,the alkaline within will seep into the water and increase the PH level. Concrete decay also creates sediment
Term
PANGEA
Definition
-100'S of million's of years ago
-land mass that existed when all continents were joined
Term
GONDWANA
Definition
-land mass in the southern hemisphere that separated form South America, Africa, Antarctica and Australia -two tectonic plates clashed together to form a mountain range across Victoria (convergent tectonics)
Term
CAMBRIAN PERIOD
Definition
-500 million years ago
-rocks formed around Kitty Miller Bay
Term
SILURIAN PERIOD
Definition
-400 million years ago -first air-breathing animals formed -small outcrops of sandstone and mudstone were uplifted within the mountain range
Term
DEVONIAN PERIOD
Definition
-400 million years ago -fish and amphibians dominated -Cape Woolamai formed -mountain range eroded -pink granite was brough to te surface and crystallised
Term
CRETACEOUS PERIOD
Definition
-120 million years ago
-dinosaurs develop and become extinct
-flowering plants and modern insects form
-deposition continues to occur in the mountain range
Term
EOCENE PERIOD
Definition
-50 million years ago
-modern mammals formed
-basalt formed as well as red Tuff
Term
QUATERNARY PERIOD
Definition
-2 million years ago
-sea levels changed allowing Phillip Island to be sometimes attached to Tasmania
-Cape Woolamai and Cat Bay formed
Term
18,000 years ago
Definition
-global climate warmed
-sea levels rose
-Westernport bay formed
-higher ground became Phillip Island and French Island
-soil created for plants to grow
Term
6000 years ago
Definition
-Phillip Island attained its present shape
Term
THE LOWANDJERI BULLUK BUNURONG
contact with European settlers
Definition
-negative impact
-murdering and abductions
-loss of religion/lifestyle
-loss of land
Term
THE KULIN PEOPLE
general knowledge
Definition
-Bunjil the Eagle seen as their creator
-5 main communities of the Kulin stretching across Victoria are : >Woiwurrung- Yarra
>Boonerwrung- the bays of the south coast
>Taungurung- Golburn River
>Wathaurung- western plains
>Dja Dja Wrung- Loddon River

-established complex trading networks with eachother
Term
THE KULIN PEOPLE
european settlement
Definition
-white men arrived in Port Phillip Bay in 1835
Term
VICTORIAN ABORIGINAL PEOPLE
Definition
-connected to land for over 40,000 years
-20,000- 60,000aboriginals speaking over 30 languages lived throughout Victoria, when European's arrived in 1835
-European settlement was violent and aboriginal families were forced off their lands and into missions
-^due to this loss of aboriginal religion and language was horrific
-today well over 25,000 aboriginals live in Victoria
Term
TRUE SPRING
Definition
-September- October
-greens consumed in large quantities as well as flowers and root vegetables
-snakes, lizards and kangaroos become more active
Term
HIGH SUMMER
Definition

-November- January

-land begins to dry

-water is beginning to be gathered

-fish and eels are plentiful and are a staple food lizards and snakes are active

-plants/trees begin to flower and their fruit ripens

-large gatherings of the tribes occur because food is plentiful

-tribes travel down to the sea coast to fish, shellfish catching, swim and gather Pigface.

Term
LATE SUMMER
Definition
-February-mid March
-Autumn rains arrive
-carefully planned burning occurs to help fertilize new plants after the rains
Term
EARLY WINTER
Definition
-April-May
-fungi grows
-rains continue
-breeding time for possums and eagles
-insects (moths in particular) are plentiful
-^due to this gliders and birds are incredibly active
-kangaroos and wallabies are active
Term
DEEP WINTER
Definition
-June- mid July
-echidnas are breeding
-people move to higher grounds
-koala,possum and wombat hunting occurs
-^furs used for rugs for warmth
-netar is present
-herbs, small fruits and tuberous plants are beginning to grow
-people build shelters and keep fires burning for warmth
Term
EARLY SPRING
Definition
-mid July-August
-wattles start to flower
-small fruits ripen as well as flowers are plentiful
-people move to lower lands due to temperature rise
-ducks and fowl are hunted
-eggs are plentiful
Term
COAST BANKSIA
Definition
-boomerangs
-fire holder
-nectar made a sweet drink
Term
BRACKEN
Definition
-fire resistant
-insect bites
-new fronds are edible
-starchy paste
Term
SEDGE
Definition
-basket weaving
-string for axes
-fishing lines and nets
Term
SEA BERRY SALTBUSH
Definition
-fruit was eaten
-dye
Term
WARRIGAL GREEN
Definition
-vegetable
-protective cover for wildlife
-fruit eaten
Term
SHE OAK
Definition
-boomerangs
-hunting clubs
Term
PAPER BARKS
Definition
-cloth to wrap babies
-spears and other tools
-mending boats
-containers for food
-fire carrier
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