Term
What is the main excretion route of nafcillin? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the penicillins have mixed excretion? |
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Definition
The isoxazolyl penicillins, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin |
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Term
What are the routes of excretion for cefazolin and cephalexin? |
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Definition
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Term
Are cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and cefotetan actually cephalosporins? |
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Definition
No, they are just similar |
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Term
Ceftriaxone is excreted via? |
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Definition
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Term
Why is ceftaroline IV administration only? |
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Definition
It has a phosphate group, which needs to be cleaved by phosphatases in the blood. |
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Term
Which of the cephalosporins can cause disulfram-like reactions? |
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Definition
Cefamandole, cefotetan, and cefoperazone have methylthitetrazole groups |
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Term
What are some of the common side effects of cephalosporins? |
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Definition
Allergic reactions and cross-reactivity with pencillins, local irritation after injection, thrombophlebitis after injeciton, renal toxicity, hypothrombobinemia, bleeding disorders, and disulfram-like reactions with alcohol consumption |
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Term
What are the common side effects of carbapenems? |
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Definition
GI upset, skin rashes, injection site doses, and possible seizures with poor renal function |
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Term
What are some side effects of glycopeptides? |
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Definition
Chills, fever, flu-like symptoms, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, possible Red Man syndrome |
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Term
What are some side effects of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and pain at injection site |
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Term
What can happen if streptomycin is given to a pregnant woman? |
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Definition
Her newborn can be born deaf as streptomycin has more risk of ototoxicity. |
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Term
What are some of the side effects in tetracyclines? |
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Definition
Chelation of calcium phosphate in bones and teeth, potential liver toxicity and impaired hepatic function, kidney toxicity, and photosensitivity |
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Term
What are some of the side effects of macrolides? |
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Definition
GI upset, anorexia, N&V, and diarrhea |
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Term
What are some of the side effects of streptogramins? |
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Definition
Generalized myalgia without CPK elevation |
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Term
What are some side effects of oxazolidinones? |
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Definition
Hematologic side effects, thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, neuropathy, and possibly serotonergic syndrome |
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Term
What are some of the side effects of sulfonamides? |
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Definition
Cross-reactivity with other diuretics and SU agents (possibly), fever, rash, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticaria, N&V, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, precipitation of drug, hemopoetic issues especially with G6P dehydrogenase deficiency, and kernicterus near end of pregnancy |
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Term
What are some of the side effects of DHFR inhibitors? |
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Definition
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, N&V, fever, vasculitis, renal damage, and CNS issues |
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Term
What are some of the side effects in fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
N&V, diarrhea, HA, dizziness, insomnia, skin rash, abnormal LFT, damage to growing cartilage, and rare tendonitis |
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Term
What do sulfonamides all share? |
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Definition
Para amino group placement with a sulfonamide functional group. The sulfonamide group and aromatic ring are required. The amino group must be para substituted. The R2 group on the sulfonamide is the only spot where modification can occur. |
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Term
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Definition
Streptococcus viridians MSSA |
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Term
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Definition
Streptococcus species MSSA |
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Term
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae N meningitidis H influenzae |
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Term
CA-respiratory tract infections? |
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Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae H influenzae Atypical pathogens |
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Term
HA-respiratory tract infections? |
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Definition
MRSA Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
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Term
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Definition
Enterococcus species Enteric gram negatives Gram negative anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa MRSA Anaerobes Gram negative |
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Term
Genitourinary infections? |
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Definition
Enteric gram negative (E coli) Neissera Chlamydia |
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Term
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Definition
Enterococcus faecium (VSEf and VREf) S aureus (MSSA, MRSA, GISA) Klebseilla Acinetoacter P aeruginosa Enterobacter or E coli |
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Term
Main mechanisms pharmacists can help prevent resistance? |
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Definition
Vaccination Use local data Strop treatment when infection is done or cure is unlikely |
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