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ID Exam One Odditities
The random facts you need to know
31
Pharmacology
Graduate
04/04/2013

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is the main excretion route of nafcillin?
Definition
Biliary excretion
Term
Which of the penicillins have mixed excretion?
Definition
The isoxazolyl penicillins, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin
Term
What are the routes of excretion for cefazolin and cephalexin?
Definition
Renal excretion
Term
Are cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and cefotetan actually cephalosporins?
Definition
No, they are just similar
Term
Ceftriaxone is excreted via?
Definition
Biliary excretion
Term
Why is ceftaroline IV administration only?
Definition
It has a phosphate group, which needs to be cleaved by phosphatases in the blood.
Term
Which of the cephalosporins can cause disulfram-like reactions?
Definition
Cefamandole, cefotetan, and cefoperazone have methylthitetrazole groups
Term
What are some of the common side effects of cephalosporins?
Definition
Allergic reactions and cross-reactivity with pencillins, local irritation after injection, thrombophlebitis after injeciton, renal toxicity, hypothrombobinemia, bleeding disorders, and disulfram-like reactions with alcohol consumption
Term
What are the common side effects of carbapenems?
Definition
GI upset, skin rashes, injection site doses, and possible seizures with poor renal function
Term
What are some side effects of glycopeptides?
Definition
Chills, fever, flu-like symptoms, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, possible Red Man syndrome
Term
What are some side effects of aminoglycosides?
Definition
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and pain at injection site
Term
What can happen if streptomycin is given to a pregnant woman?
Definition
Her newborn can be born deaf as streptomycin has more risk of ototoxicity.
Term
What are some of the side effects in tetracyclines?
Definition
Chelation of calcium phosphate in bones and teeth, potential liver toxicity and impaired hepatic function, kidney toxicity, and photosensitivity
Term
What are some of the side effects of macrolides?
Definition
GI upset, anorexia, N&V, and diarrhea
Term
What are some of the side effects of streptogramins?
Definition
Generalized myalgia without CPK elevation
Term
What are some side effects of oxazolidinones?
Definition
Hematologic side effects, thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, neuropathy, and possibly serotonergic syndrome
Term
What are some of the side effects of sulfonamides?
Definition
Cross-reactivity with other diuretics and SU agents (possibly), fever, rash, exfoliative dermatitis, photosensitivity, urticaria, N&V, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, precipitation of drug, hemopoetic issues especially with G6P dehydrogenase deficiency, and kernicterus near end of pregnancy
Term
What are some of the side effects of DHFR inhibitors?
Definition
Megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, N&V, fever, vasculitis, renal damage, and CNS issues
Term
What are some of the side effects in fluoroquinolones?
Definition
N&V, diarrhea, HA, dizziness, insomnia, skin rash, abnormal LFT, damage to growing cartilage, and rare tendonitis
Term
What do sulfonamides all share?
Definition
Para amino group placement with a sulfonamide functional group. The sulfonamide group and aromatic ring are required. The amino group must be para substituted. The R2 group on the sulfonamide is the only spot where modification can occur.
Term
Endocarditis/Bacteremia?
Definition
Streptococcus viridians
MSSA
Term
SSTI?
Definition
Streptococcus species
MSSA
Term
CNS infections?
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
N meningitidis
H influenzae
Term
CA-respiratory tract infections?
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
H influenzae
Atypical pathogens
Term
HA-respiratory tract infections?
Definition
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Term
GI infections?
Definition
Enterococcus species
Enteric gram negatives
Gram negative anaerobes
Term
Early DM ulcers?
Definition
MSSA
Streptococcus
Term
Late DM ulcers
Definition
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
MRSA
Anaerobes
Gram negative
Term
Genitourinary infections?
Definition
Enteric gram negative (E coli)
Neissera
Chlamydia
Term
ESKAPE?
Definition
Enterococcus faecium (VSEf and VREf)
S aureus (MSSA, MRSA, GISA)
Klebseilla
Acinetoacter
P aeruginosa
Enterobacter or E coli
Term
Main mechanisms pharmacists can help prevent resistance?
Definition
Vaccination
Use local data
Strop treatment when infection is done or cure is unlikely
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