ability to do work or cause change.

Classified into 2 categories:

1. Kinetic 

2. Potential

Potential Energy is stored energy.

PE=mgh

PE=Mass X gravtional field strength X height

**Gravtional field strength also known as acceleration of gravity.

Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion.

KE=1/2(mass)X(velocity)2

KE = ½ * m * v²

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. Basically anything that takes up space and has volume.

IT CANT BE CREATED OR DESTORYED is conserved!

1. Solid- have a DEFINITE shape and volume

2. Gas-have a DEFINITE volume and INDEFINITE shape

3. Liquid-INDEFINITE volume and INDEFINITE  shape

1. Solid to liquid

melting or freezing

2. liquid to gas

evaporation or condensation

3. solid to gas

sublimation or deposition

When it goes from a solid to a gas/vapor. 

Example of sublimation is dry ice.

Energy cannot be destoryed or created. It just changes.

It can be converted from one form to another but the total energy remains constant.

1. Gravtional Energy (potential energy)

2. Mechanical (stored) Energy (potential energy)

3. Nuclear Energy (potential energy)

4. Chemical Energy (potential energy)

5. Mechanial (motion) Energy (kinetic energy)

6. Electrical Energy (kinetic energy)

7. Sound Energy (kinetic energy)

8.Radiant Energy (kinetic energy)

9. Thermal (heat) Energy (kinetic energy)

Newton's First Law of Motion: Every object retains its state of rest or its state of uniform straight line motionunless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force action on it and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.

Newton's Third Law of Motion: Whenever two objects interact, the froce exerted on one object is in size and opposite in direction to the force exerted on the other object.

• Also known as the law of inertia
• In simplier terms, the first law says " That an object at rest will remain at rest unless it is put into motion by an unbalanced force"

• This law is about the relationship between net, force, acceleration, and mass  that causes the change of motion.
• The acceleration of an object depends on both the net force applied and the mass of the object. 
• a=F/m   Acceleration=Force divided by mass

The heat involved in a liquid-gas phase change where there is evaporation or condensation.

Occurs only between SOLID  phase and LIQUID phase.

Energy is released!!!

THERE IS NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE DURING A PHASE CHANGE!

Is the heat involved in a solid-liquid phase change in melting or freezing.

Occurs only between the SOLID phase and the LIQUID phase.

Energy is absorbed!!!

THERE IS NO CHANGE IN TEMPERATURE DURING A PHASE CHANGE.

An interaction that can change the state of motion of an object.

F=ma

Force=mass X accleration

Work is the force applied to an object and the distance the object moves as a result of the force.

W=Fd

Work=Force X distance

Power is the rate at which work is done.

P=W/time

Power= work divided time

The unit is Joules (J/s)

Longitudinal Wave

Transverse Wave

A wave that travels in a back and forth movement.

Mechanical longitudinal waves can move through gas, liquid, or solid.

A wave that disturbs particles in a motions perpendicular to the direction of the wave.

Can only move through SOLIDS!!

1. Conduction

2. Convection

3. Radiation

What is vibration?

The wavelength is the distance the wave travels during one period.

All waves carry energy!

A change in the direction of travel of light, sound, or other waves crossing a boundary.

Refraction results from a change in speed!

What is a proton?

What is an electron?

What is a neutron?

A proton is a POSITIVE charge.

An electron is a NEGATIVE charge.

A neutron is a neutral particle.

The smallest unit of an element that can exist alone or in combination with other elements.

Compounds are formed when atoms are held together by an attractive force called CHEMICAL BOND

Is defined as the amount of energy (or heaet) needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius.

Example: 1 gram of water exposed to 1 calorie of sunlight will warm up 1 degree Celsius.

Is the transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature by increased kinetic  energy moving from molecule to molecule.

*the better the conductor the more rapidly heat will transfer.

An example of conduction is having a hot pan on the store and trying to move the hot pan with your bare hands.

Then after getting burned, you use a oven mitten to help move the pan.

The transfer of heat from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature by the displacement of high-energy molecules.

Good: copper, silver, iron, and steel

Poor: Wood, styrofoam, paper, and air

1. Long Radio waves

2. Short Radio waves

3. Microwaves

4. Infrared light

5. Visible light

6. Ultraviolet light

7. X rays

8. Gamma rays

What is luminous?

What are examples of stuff that is luminous?

It is when something produces light. 

Examples: Sunlight, stars, lightbulbs

If the surface is perfectly smooth, a ray of light will undergo REFLECTION. 

It leaves the surface paralle to each other. 

Example: mirror

It is when an object (light) bounces off a flat surface, the angle it at which it hits the surface will be equal to the angle at which it bounces away.

*Angle of Incidence is the angle at which the object hits the flat surface.

*The angle of Reflection is the angle at which it rebounds from the flat surface.

1. Temperature

2. Density

3. Time

1. massive nuclei such as uranium-235 ungergo fission 

2. when less massive nuclei come together to fro more massive nuclei through nuclear fusion.

Fission is when a large nucleus splits into smaller ones.(takes less energy to do)

Fusion is when two nuclei are combined(fused) into a larger one.(takes more energy to make this happen)

1) All elements consist of minuscule particles called atoms.

2) All atoms of a given element have are identical to each other.

3) All atoms of a given element are different than those of other elements.

4) Atoms of one element combine with other elements to create compounds. They always combine in equal amounts.

5) Atoms cannot be created, divided, nor destroyed.