Term
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Definition
ray finned fishes
-scales ganoid, cycloid, or ctenoid (modified cycloid scale)--and placoid
-sister taxon of the Sarcopterygians
-the old days: w/ Acanthodians, forms the Teleostorni (old name with 3 clades of bony vertebrates)
-3 subclasses: Cladistia, Chondrostei, Neopterygii |
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Term
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Definition
| rubbery, thick, lots of protection (gar) |
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Term
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Definition
| modified cycloid scale (very rough, little teeth) |
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Term
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Definition
Order Polypteri
-Bichirs, Ropefishes
(rhombic ganoid scales)
-Polypteras (Nile River) & Erpetoichthys (ropefish): rubbery, diamond shaped scales |
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Term
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Definition
first bony, then turn cartilaginous later
-many extinct, only extant Order is Acipenseriformes |
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Term
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Definition
*Heterocercal tail, Intestine with spiral valve, fin rays
more numerous than their basals
Acipenseridae- Sturgeons
Polyodontidae- Paddlefishes (Chinese paddlefish-Psephurus gladius) |
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Term
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Definition
| fin rays equal in #s to their supports in dorsal and anal fins (tight control on raising/lowering fins) |
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Term
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Definition
bones in a fish that support the dorsal fin
-defense, swim, wedge into rocks, sexual advantage |
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Term
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Definition
long-nosed gar
-ganoid scales
-breathes at the surface
-may enter salt water
-up to 3 meters |
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Term
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Definition
Bowfin (Amia calva)
-freshwater, up to 3 feet (20 pounds)
-ganoid scales, surface breathing |
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Term
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Definition
96% of extant fishes
-27 anatomical synapomorphies, no molecular ones
-most important are the caudal skeleton |
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Term
| Subdivision Osteoglossomorpha |
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Definition
-Mooneye, Goldeye of Hiodontiformes
-Osteoglossiformes (very primitive) bony tongue |
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Term
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Definition
bony tongue
-Pantodon
-Knife fish
-elephant fishes
-Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)
-Arowana |
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Term
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Definition
swimbladder not connected with ear
Leptocephalus larvae (small head as larva)
3 orders: Elapiformes (tarpons), Albuliformes (bonefishes), Anguilliformes (eels & morays) |
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Term
| Subdivision Ostarioclupeomorpha |
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Definition
Superorder Clupeomorpha
Superoder Ostariophysi
-inner ear and swim bladder are anatomical synapomorphies
-mostly molecular synapomorphies |
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Term
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Definition
anterior extension of swimbladder enters the skull
-clupeiformes (herring)
-school of anchovies |
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Term
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Definition
synapomorphy: fright substance- Schrekstoff hormone
Series Anotophysi (milkfish- Gonorynchiformes)
Series Otophysi (piranha/catfish) |
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Term
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Definition
synapomorphy: Weberian apparatus
-anatomical structure that connects the swim bladder to the auditory system |
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Term
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Definition
| synapomorphy Retractor dorsalis: RAB |
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Term
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Definition
large paired muscle that originates along
the ventral margin of the anteriormost three or four vertebral centra and inserts on the dorsal-most parts of the gill arches. The muscle functions to retract or pull back on the upper pharyngeal teeth as part of a chewing mechanism that prepares food for swallowing |
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