Term
3.1.1
What are the most common elements in living things? |
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Definition
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen |
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Term
3.1.2
What other elements apart from carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and Nitrogen are found in living things? |
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Definition
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Calcium
Sodium
Iron |
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Term
3.1.3
What is the role of sulfur in living things? |
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Definition
In plants and animals sulfur is used for the synthesis of some amino acids and proteins
In prokaryotes sulfur is sometimes the energy source |
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Term
3.1.3
What is the role of Phosphorous in living things? |
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Definition
In plants, prokaryotes and animals phosphorous is used in DNA and ATP.
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Term
3.1.3
What is the role of Calcium in living things? |
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Definition
In prokaryotes calcium helps movement and to maintain the cell structure
In Plants calcium is used in the cell wall and cell membrane
In Animals calcium is used is bones and has a role in synapse transmission. |
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Term
3.1.3
What is the role of Iron in living things? |
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Definition
In Prokaryotes, some bacteria use iron as an energy source
In Plants iron is used to form chlorophyll
In Animals Iron is an important part of Haemoglobin which is used in oxygen transport |
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Term
3.1.3
What is the role of Sodium in living things? |
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Definition
In prokaryotes, sodium is used in the flagella for movement
In Plants sodium helps bind carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
In Animals, sodium aids in glucose transmission across the cell membrane. |
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Term
3.1.5
What are the thermal properties of water? |
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Definition
Cooling effect of evaporation
Large heat capacity
High boiling and freezing boiling points |
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Term
3.1.5
What is the significance of the cohesive properties of water? |
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Definition
Hydrogen bonding allows water molecules to stick together. This means that water can be sucked up in columns |
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Term
3.1.5
What is the significance of the solvent properties of water? |
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Definition
Because the animals have so much water in them, water can be used to transport things. |
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Term
3.2.1
What is the difference between organic and non-organic molecules? |
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Definition
Organic molecules are made up with an organic backbone. |
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Term
3.2.2
What is this molecule?
[image]
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Definition
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Term
3.2.2
What is this molecule?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
3.2.2
What is this molecule?
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
3.2.2
What is this molecule?
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image]
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
3.2.3
What are 3 examples of monosaccharides? |
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Definition
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose |
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Term
3.2.3
What are 3 examples of disaccharides? |
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Definition
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Term
3.2.3
What are 3 examples of polysaccharides? |
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Definition
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose |
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Term
3.2.4
What are the functions of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals? |
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Definition
Glucose - energy
Lactose - source of energy in milk for young
glycogen - short term energy store in muscles and liver |
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Term
3.2.4
What are the functions of Fructose, Sucrose and cellulose in plants? |
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Definition
Fructose - makes fruit taste sweet so that animals will eat it and distribute the seeds
Sucrose - energy storage for plants
Cellulose - used to make strong fibres that are used to construct the cell wall |
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Term
3.2.5
What is condensation and hydrolysis? |
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Definition
Condensation is when two small molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule forming water.
Hydrolysis is when a large molecule is split into smaller molecules with the addition of water. |
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Term
3.2.6
What are 3 functions of Lipids? |
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Definition
Insulation - keep in body heat
Buoyancy
Energy storage |
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Term
3.2.7
What's the difference between carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage? |
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Definition
Lipids have much more energy than carbohydrates
carbohydrates are soluble so they are easily transported however lipids are insoluble in water. |
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Term
3.3.1
What is a DNA nucleotide made of?
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Definition
A sugar (Deoxyribose)
A base
phosphate
all joined together by covalent bonds
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Term
3.3.2
What are the DNA bases called? |
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Definition
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
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Term
3.3.4
How is a DNA double helix formed?
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Definition
Two individual strands of nucleotides are joined together by hydrogen bonds
The pairing of the bases is complementary: Adenine and Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
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Term
3.4.1
How does DNA replicate? |
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Definition
The double helix is unwound
Hydrogen bonds between the bases are broken
Polymerase adds nucleotides in the 3' to 5' direction.
DNA Ligase joins up the bases |
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Term
3.5.1
What is the difference between DNA and RNA? |
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Definition
Sugars: deoxyribose, ribose
Strands:2, 1
Bases: A, T, G, C , A, U, C, G |
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Term
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Definition
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