ALKANE → ALKANE + ALKENE

eg. OCTANE → PENTANE + PROPENE

type of reaction, equation and conditions

CRACKING

CH₃(CH₂)₆CH₃ → CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃ + CH₂=CHCH₃

HEAT AND CATALYST

ALKANE + HALOGEN →

eg. METHANE + BROMINE

reaction type, conditions, mechanistic equations

HOMOLYTIC FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION

U.V. LIGHT, ROOM TEMPERATURE

initiation  Cl₂ → 2Cl^•

propogation  Cl^•+ CH₄ → HCl + CH₃^•

propogation  CH₃^•+ Cl₂ →  CH₃Cl + Cl^•

termination CH₃^•+ Cl^• → CH₃Cl

ALKENE + HALOGEN →

eg. ETHENE + CHLORINE

reaction type, conditions, product, mechanistic equations

ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION

room temperature, light not required

1,2-dichloroethane

CH₂=CH₂ + Cl^δ+-Cl^δ- → CH₂Cl-CH₂⁺ + Cl^-

CH₂Cl-CH₂⁺ + Cl^- → CH₂ClCH₂Cl

ALKENE + STEAM →

eg. PROPENE + STEAM

reaction type, conditions, product, equation

ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION

heat, strong acid catalyst (phosphoric acid)

propanol (propan-ol or propan-2-ol)

CH₂=CHCH₃ + H-OH → CH₃CHOHCH₃