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IB Enviromental Systems and Socities
Unit 9 and 11 flashcard
14
Environmental Studies
12th Grade
01/10/2011

Additional Environmental Studies Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Natural Capital
Definition
Goods or services that are not manufactured but have value to humans
Term
Renewable resources
Definition
Living resources that can replace or restock themselves- they can grow.
Term
Non-renewable resources
Definition
Resources that exist in finite amounts on Earth and are not renewed or replaced after they have been used or delpleted (minerals and fossil fuels)
Term
Replenishable reources
Definition
Arguably middle grounds between renewable and non-renewable resources. These resources are replaceable, however they tend to be replaced over a time period that does not allow them to be viewed renewable. (Groundwater- can be used as a resource and depleted as it is used. Normally depletion rates are magnitudes larger than recharge rates; therefore the natural capital is depleted in the same was natural oil and gas are depleted (well run dry).
Term
Sustainability
Definition
Living within the means of nature, on the "interest" or sustainable natural income generated by natural capital.
Term
Dynamic nature of resource
Definition
Importance of a resource varies over time. A resource avaliable in the past may not be a resource in the future.
Term
Resource Values
Definition
Economic- having marketable goods or services, e.g. timber and food

Ecological- providing life-support services, e.g. water storage and gas exchange by forests

Scientific/technological- useful for applications, e.g. genetic, medicinal

Intrinsic- having cultural, esthetic, spiritual or philosophical
Term
Reuse
Definition
the object is used more than once. Examples include resuse of soft drinks bottles (after cleaning) and secondhand cars.
Term
Remanufacturing
Definition
The object's material is used to make a new object of the same type. An example is the manufacturing of new plastic bottles from used ones
Term
Recycling
Definition
the object;s material is used again to manufacture a new product. An example of this is the use of plastic bags to make plastic poles for gardens.
Term
Absolute reductions
Definition
Simply, using fewer resources, e.g. use less energy or less paper
Term
Ecological footprint
Definition
Area of land (and water) that would be required to sustainably provide all of a particular population's resources and assimilate all its wastes (rather than the population that a given area can sustainably support)
Term
Human carrying capacity
Definition
Maximum load (rate of resource harvesting and waste generation) that can be sustained indefinitly without reducing productivity and functioning of ecosystems wherever those ecosystems are.
Term
Natural Income
Definition
The product of natural capital.
(Just as capital yields income in terms of economics)
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