Term
|
Definition
| a substance that results from a combination of two or more different chemical element s, in such a way that the atom s of the different elements are held together by chemical bonds that are difficult to break. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are chemically the simplest substances and hence cannot be broken down further using chemical methods. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(also known as the proton number) is the number ofprotons found in the nucleus of an atom and therefore identical to thecharge number of the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the mass of a specific isotope, most often expressed in unified atomic mass units.The atomic mass is the total mass of protons, neutrons and electrons in a single atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are atoms of elements with different numbers of neutrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decay is the process by which an atomic nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles (ionizing radiation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the amount of energy required by an electron to stay in orbit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the ability of an atom to combine with other atoms. The valence of an atom is determined by the number of electrons in the atom’s outermost shell. This shell is referred to as the valence shell. The electrons in the outermost shell are called valance electrons.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a wave function describing the state of a single electron in an atom (atomic orbital) or in a molecule (molecular orbital) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a measure of the attraction of an atom for electrons in a covalent bond. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A positive ion; an atom or group of atoms that has lost one or more electrons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A negatively charged ion, especially the ion that migrates to an anode in electrolysis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with anelectronegativity atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen orflourine, that comes from another molecule or chemical group. |
|
|
Term
| Van der Waals interactions |
|
Definition
is the sum of the attractive or repulsive forces between molecules (or between parts of the same molecule) other than those due to covalent bonds, the hydrogen bonds, or the electrostatic interaction of ions with one another or with neutral molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A molecule with a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not containing a dipole; lacking a permanently dipolar molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act, state or process of sticking together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force of attraction between unlike molecules, or the attraction between the surfaces of contacting bodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mixture in which particles of one or more substances (the solute) are distributed uniformly throughout another substance (the solvent), so that the mixture is homogeneous at the molecular or ionic level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A substance that can dissolve another substance, or in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution. Water is the most common solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that is dissolved in another substance (a solvent), forming a solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a solute is being dissolved in an aqueous (water) solution the partially positive H atoms surround the solute (forming a shell) and attach to make bonds with the atoms of the solute, breaking them apart and making them part of the solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
having a strong affinity for water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecule is repelled by water; literally, hydrophobe means something with a fear of water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical compounds that release hydrogen ions (H+) when placed in water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a class of compounds whose aqueous solutions are characterized by a bitter taste, a slippery feel, the ability to turn litmus blue, and the ability to react with acids to form salts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| power of the concentration of the Hydrogen ion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solution containing either a weak acid and a conjugate base or a weak base and a conjugate acid, used to stabilize the pH of a liquid upon dilution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These compounds are water soluble weak bases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organic compound containing an amino group (NH 2 ), a carboxylic acid group (COOH), and any of various. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a group of organic compounds that includes sugars, starches, celluloses, and gums and serves as a major energy source in the diet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional group that consists of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond and to a hydroxyl group, OH, by a single bond.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an organic compound with the formula, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
s achemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties combine to form one single molecule, together with the loss of a small molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a structural change in macromolecules caused by extreme conditions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A disaccharide is acarbohydrate that is formed when two monosaccharides are joined together and a molecule of water is removed from the structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a simple polyol compound. It is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a molecule that serves as the secondary long-term energy storage in animal and fungal cells, with the primary energy stores being held in adipose tissue.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Achemical reaction in which the interaction of a compound withwater results in thedecomposition of that compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A fatty or waxy organic compound that is readily soluble in nonpolar solvent but not in polar solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (single sugar) are the most basic units of biologically important carbohydrates. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a long, continuous, and unbranched peptide. (chain of amino acids)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are long carbohydrate molecules of repeated monomer units joined together by glycosidic bonds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to amino acid linear sequence of the polypeptide chain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the combination of two or more chains, to form a complete unit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Group where different chains of atoms are substituted in to make 20 different kinds of amino acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most proteins contain one or more stretches of amino acids that take on a characteristic structure in 3-D space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a type of organic compound that contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings that are joined to each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| refers to three-dimensional structure of a single protein molecule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The major form of fat stored by the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are biological molecules that catalyze (increase the rates of) chemical reactions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is part of an enzyme where substrates bind and undergo a chemical reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The material or substance on which an enzyme acts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a model for the mechanism of an enzyme-substrate combination, of a hormone-receptor interaction, or of an antibody-antigen reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A model for enzyme-substrate interaction to describe that only the proper substrate is capable of inducing the proper alignment of the active site that will enable the enzyme to perform its catalytic function. It suggests that the active site continues to change until the substrate is completely bound to it, at which point the final shape and charge is determined. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the alteration of a protein shape through some form of external stress in such a way that it will no longer be able to carry out its cellular function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the set of constructive metabolic processes where the energy released by catabolism is used to synthesize complex molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the set of metabolic pathways that break down molecules into smaller units and release energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is energy, after all; the energy required to start a reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance capable of initiating or speeding up a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biologic activity |
|
|
Term
| non-competitive inhibitor |
|
Definition
| Enzyme inhibition in which the inhibiting compound does not compete with the natural substrate for the active site on the enzyme but inhibits reaction by combining with the enzyme-substrate complex after the complex is formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a site on a multi-subunit enzyme that is not the substrate binding site but that when reversibly bound by an effector induces a conformational change in the enzyme, altering its catalytic properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes and are connected by their intermediates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of the end product of a particular metabolic reaction inhibiting an allosteric Enzyme involved in that reaction as the reaction starts again, thus breaking the reaction cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibitor that occupies the active site of an enzyme or the binding Site of a receptor and prevents the normal substrate or ligand from binding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process in which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells of approximately equal size. Simple cell division in single-celled organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle that carries out photosynthesis and starch grain formation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which cells become progressively more specialized; a normal process through which cells mature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of stacked membranous vesicles present in most living cells that functions in the formation of secretions within the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous, hollow rods, that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a double-layered membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of a bacterium or virus that contains nucleic acid and is analogous in function to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, filamentous projections on a bacterial cell, used not for motility but for adhering to other bacterial cell (especially for mating) or to animal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large complex molecule which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of proteins from individual amino acids using messenger RNA as a template |
|
|
Term
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
| a cell organelle that helps in protein synthesis as well as packaging of materials into lysosomes and secretory activities of cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An unspecialized cell characterized by the ability to self-renew by mitosis while in undifferentiated state, and the capacity to give rise to various differentiated cell types by cell differentiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is energy, after all; the energy required to start a reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance capable of initiating or speeding up a chemical reaction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| any substance that interferes with a chemical reaction, growth, or other biologic activity |
|
|
Term
| non-competitive inhibitor |
|
Definition
| Enzyme inhibition in which the inhibiting compound does not compete with the natural substrate for the active site on the enzyme but inhibits reaction by combining with the enzyme-substrate complex after the complex is formed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance present in all living cells that provides energy for many metabolic processes and is involved in making RNA. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a site on a multi-subunit enzyme that is not the substrate binding site but that when reversibly bound by an effector induces a conformational change in the enzyme, altering its catalytic properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes and are connected by their intermediates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of the end product of a particular metabolic reaction inhibiting an allosteric Enzyme involved in that reaction as the reaction starts again, thus breaking the reaction cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biochemical process that involves the addition of phosphate to an organic compound. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibitor that occupies the active site of an enzyme or the binding Site of a receptor and prevents the normal substrate or ligand from binding. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process in which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells of approximately equal size. Simple cell division in single-celled organisms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rigid outermost cell layer found in plants and certain algae, bacteria, and fungi but characteristically absent from animal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of two cylindrical cellular structures that are composed of nine triplet microtubules and form the asters during mitosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The organelle that carries out photosynthesis and starch grain formation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The internal framework of a cell, composed largely of actin filaments and microtubules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process by which cells become progressively more specialized; a normal process through which cells mature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A single-celled or multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network of stacked membranous vesicles present in most living cells that functions in the formation of secretions within the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability or tendency of an organism or cell to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing various hydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fibrous, hollow rods, that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a double-layered membrane that encloses the contents of the nucleus during most of the cell's lifecycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The part of a bacterium or virus that contains nucleic acid and is analogous in function to the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| short, filamentous projections on a bacterial cell, used not for motility but for adhering to other bacterial cell (especially for mating) or to animal cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are a group of organisms that lack a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a large complex molecule which is responsible for catalyzing the formation of proteins from individual amino acids using messenger RNA as a template |
|
|
Term
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum |
|
Definition
| a cell organelle that helps in protein synthesis as well as packaging of materials into lysosomes and secretory activities of cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An unspecialized cell characterized by the ability to self-renew by mitosis while in undifferentiated state, and the capacity to give rise to various differentiated cell types by cell differentiation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the period of the cell cycle during which the nucleus is not undergoing division, typically occurring between mitotic or meiotic divisions. Also called interkinesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first stage of mitosis, during which the chromosomes condense and become visible, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and the spindle apparatus forms at opposite poles of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of mitosis and meiosis, following prophase and preceding anaphase, during which the chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The stage of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nuclear spindle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the chromosomes of daughter cells are grouped in new nuclei. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two strands joined together by a single centromere, formed from the duplication of the chromosome during the early stages of cell division and then separate to become individual chromosomes during the late stages of cell division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any of a network of filaments that collectively form a mitotic spindle (in mitosis) and meiotic spindle (in meiosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane following the division of the nucleus resulting into two cells, each having its own nucleus and cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The plane of the equator of the spindle into which chromosomes are positioned during metaphase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A kinetochore; the constricted region of a nuclear chromosome, to which the spindle fibers attach during division. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein with at least one covalently attached sugar or polysaccharide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein molecule (or assembly of proteins) that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins that adhere only temporarily to the biological membrane with which they are associated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins located on the cell surface[1] involved with the binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the process called cell adhesion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are trans-membrane proteins found in the phospholipid bilayer membranes in our bodies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are channels in the membrane that pump proteins such as sodium and potassium to the inside of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of molecules across the cell that does not require energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (from low to high concentration). requires energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of passive transport that allows substances to cross membranes with the assistance of special transport proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which molecules intermingle as a result of their kinetic energy of random motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Net movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water potential to an area of lower water potential. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A model used to conceptualise cell membranes, in it, the membranes are described as a structually and functionally asymmetric lipid bilayer studded with embedded proteins that aid in cross-membrane transport. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the internal compartments formed by the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A positively charged subatomic particle with a mass of 1 amu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This process occurs in all organisms, and is responsible for converting glucose to pyruvate and generating ATP in the process. Glycolysis does not require oxygen to function. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This product of glycolysis is used and synthesized by many metabolic pathways. In energy generation, it can be either converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions, or broken down to water and carbon dioxide in the presence of oxygen, generating large amounts of ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a coenzyme that incorporates niacin and involved in the Krebs cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP occurring when protons that are following a concentration gradient contact ATP synthase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A series of chemical reactions involved in aerobic respiration that occurs naturally in animals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An enzyme that allows protons to move through the mitochondrial membrane and trigger phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Removal of a carboxyl group from a chemical compound, usually with hydrogen replacing it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in bacteria and plants and catalyses the reaction in which acetate enters metabolic pathways and forms acetyl-coenzyme a. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The breaking open of a cell by the destruction of its wall or membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One process by which carbon-containing compounds are broken down in an energy yielding process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The gain of electrons by a compound or ion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transfers electrons from one complex to another, eventually resulting in the formation of ATP. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a medium in which something is embedded. |
|
|
Term
| oxidative phosphorylation |
|
Definition
| Refers to the coupling of the electron transport chain to ATP synthesis via the proton gradient and ATP synthase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MS is the region between the inner membrane and the outer membrane of a mitochondrion or a chloroplast. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ultimate unit (a quantum) of light energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any material from which a dye, a paint, or the like, may be prepared; particularly, the refined and purified colouring matter ready for mixing with an appropriate vehicle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the first protein complex in the Light-dependent reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specific chlorophyll molecule that holds light energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process in which energetic particles or energetic waves travel through a medium or space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the connective, functionally supportive framework of a biological cell, tissue, or organ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ribulose biphosphate; the 5-carbon chemical that combines with carbon dioxide at the beginning of the Calvin Cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small particles of chlorophyll in chloroplasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| or photosynthesis, is the first stage of photosynthesis, the process by which plants capture and store energy from sunlight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a parameter that describes the relative effectiveness of energy at different wavelengths in producing a particular biological response. |
|
|
Term
| light independent reaction |
|
Definition
| chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The electromagnetic spectrum, broken by a specific pattern of dark lines or bands, observed when radiation traverses a particular. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The length of a single cycle of a wave, usually measured from crest-to-crest. For electromagnetic waves, the wavelength determines the type (radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-Ray, gamma-ray) of radiation, in the case of visible light, wavelength determines the colour of the light. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reciprocal of the wavelength (the interval from a given point on one sound wave to the equivalent point on the next sound wave), unit: Hertz = cycles/s |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a metabolic pathway found in the stroma of the chloroplast in which carbon enters in the form of CO2 and leaves in the form of sugar. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The splitting or decomposition of a chemical compound by means of light energy or photons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The initial stage of [[photosynthesis in [[chlorophyll Molecules where the presence of [[light Energy raises the energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| he process of creating ATP using a Proton gradient created by the Energy gathered from sunlight. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the chromosome complement of a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pair of chromosomes made up of two homologs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any one of the alternative forms of a given gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It means "one set". The state of having one copy of each chromosome per nucleus or cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The state of having each chromosome in two copies per nucleus or cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The point-by-point pairing of homologous chromosomes during zygotene or in certain Dipteran tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Point of contact between paired chromatids during meiosis, resulting in a cross-shaped configuration. This region is where crossing over of the chromatids occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act or process of initiating biological reproduction by insemination or pollination. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unique diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid cells (often an egg and a sperm) that will divide mitotically to create a differentiated diploid organism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mendel's second rule describing the independent segregation of alleles of different unlinked or remotely linked loci. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A germ cell having a haploid chromosome complement (23 for humans). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ariation in alleles of genes, occurs both within and among populations. |
|
|
