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Definition
| a situation or event where a cultural miscommunication puts some human value at stake |
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Definition
| the learned, shared, and enduring orientation patterns in a society. People demonstrate their culture through values, ideas, attitudes, behaviors, and symbols |
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| Risks in International Business |
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Definition
| cross-cultural risk, commercial risk, currency or financial risk, country risk |
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Term
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Definition
| using our own culture (viewing as superior) as the standard for judging other cultures |
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Definition
| A host-country mindset where the manager develops a greater affinity with the country in which he or she does business; “going native” |
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Definition
| a global mindset where the manager is able to understand a business or market without regard to country boundaries; neutral to culture |
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| Complications of Cross-Cultural Differences |
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Definition
a) Teamwork cooperation
b) Lifetime employment
c) Pay-for-performance system
d) Organizational structure
e) Union-management relationships
f) Attitudes toward ambiguity |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of learning the rules and behavioral patterns appropriate to one’s given society |
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Definition
| The process of adjusting and adapting to a culture other than one’s own |
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Definition
| a distinctive tradition or institution strongly associated with a particular society |
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Definition
| generalization about a group of people that may or may not be factual, often overlooking real, deeper differences |
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Definition
| An expression whose symbolic meaning is different from its literal meaning |
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Definition
| a cultures that relies on elaborate verbal explanations, putting much emphasis on spoken words. (US and Europe; very straightforward) |
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Definition
| a culture that emphasizes nonverbal messages and views communication as a means to promote smooth, harmonious relationships (Japan and China; very conscious of nonverbal and like kindness) |
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Term
| Individualism versus collectivism |
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Definition
| describes whether a person functions primarily as an individual or within a group |
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Term
| Relationship vs non relationship-bound |
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Definition
(Asian countries) vs
(Western, United States) countries (Chinese word for this relationship: juanxi) |
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Term
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Definition
| someone working in a different country. Not a citizen |
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Definition
| describes how a society deals with the inequalities in power that exist among people |
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Definition
| the extent to which people can tolerate risk and uncertainty in their lives (feminine) |
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| Masculinity versus femininity |
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Definition
| refers to a society’s orientation, based on traditional male and female values. Masculine cultures tend to value competitiveness, assertiveness, ambition, and the accumulation of wealth. Feminine cultures emphasize nurturing roles, interdependence among people, and taking care of less fortunate people |
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Term
| Long-term versus short-term orientation |
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Definition
| denotes the degree to which people and organizations defer gratification to achieve long-term success |
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Term
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Definition
| a rigid orientation to time, in which the individual is focused on schedules, punctuality, and time as a resource |
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible, nonlinear orientation to time, in which the individual takes a long-term perspective and is capable of attending to multiple tasks simultaneously |
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Term
| Top Languages as first language |
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Definition
| Mandarin, Hindu, English, Spanish |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to view other cultures through the lends of one’s own culture. |
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Term
| Critical Incident Analysis |
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Definition
| CIA an analytical method for analyzing awkward situations in cross-cultural interactions by developing empathy for other points of view |
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Term
| Personality traits of cross cultural proficiency |
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Definition
a) Tolerance for ambiguity
b) Perceptiveness
c) Valuing personal relationships
d) Flexibility and adaptability |
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