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Definition
| The initiator of an international business transaction, including MNEs and SMEs, that conceives, designs, and produces the offerings intended for consumption by customers worldwide |
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| Distribution channel intermediary |
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Definition
| A specialist firm that provides a variety of logistics and marketing services for focal firms as part of the international supply chain, both in the home country and abroad |
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Definition
| A firm or an individual with special expertise in legal advice, banking, customs clearance, or related support services, that assists focal firms in the performance of international business transactions |
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Definition
| A specialized logistics service provider that arranges international shipping on behalf of exporting firms, much like a travel agent for cargo |
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Term
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Definition
| large company with substantial resources that performs various business activities through the network of subsidiaries and affiliates located in multiple countries |
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Definition
| a company with 500 or fewer employees in the US - comprise majority of firms active in international business |
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Definition
| a young entepreneurial company that initiates international business activity very early in its evolution, moving rapidly into foreign markets |
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Definition
| A firm that enters a contractual agreement with a foreign partner that allows the latter the right to use certain intellectual property for a specified period of time in exchange for royalties or other compensation |
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Definition
| A firm that grants another the right to use an entire business system in exchange for fees, royalties, or other forms of compensation |
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Term
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Definition
| Focal firms or a consortium of firms that plan, finance, organize, manage, and implement all phases of a project and then hand it over to a foreign customer after training local personnel |
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Definition
| A focal firm that creates and jointly owns a new legal entity through equity investment or pooling of assets |
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| Project-based, nonequity venture partners |
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Definition
| Focal firms that collaborate through a project, with a relatively narrow scope and a well-defined timetable, without creating a new legal entity |
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Term
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Definition
| A foreign market-based intermediary that works under contract for an exporter, takes title to, and distributes the exporter’s products in a national market or territory, often performing marketing functions such as sales, promotion, and after-sales service |
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Term
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Definition
| An intermediary (often an individual or a small firm) that handles orders to buy and sell commodities, products, and services in international business transactions for a commission |
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Term
| Manufacturer’s representative |
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Definition
| An intermediary contracted by the exporter to represent and sell its merchandise or services in a designated country or territory. |
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Definition
| An intermediary that engages in import and export of a variety of commodities, products, and services |
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Term
| Export management company (EMC) |
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Definition
| An intermediary that acts as export agent on behalf of (usually inexperienced) a client company |
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Term
| Logistics service provider |
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Definition
| A transportation specialist that arranges for physical distribution and storage of products on behalf of focal firms, also controlling information between the point of origin and the point of consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialist enterprises that arrange clearance of products through customs on behalf of importing firms |
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