The Decoration of Houses

by Edith Wharton and Ogden Codman Jr.

1987

Incredibly influential after house decoration started to be a way to define yourself and make a statement about your societal status 

advice manual 

The Park Avenue Armory Veterans Room

Louis Comfort Tiffany

Candace Wheeler - interiors

Stanford White - arch

Samuel Colman - painter

NYC - 1881

First commission for a professional interior decorator

known to many high society new yorkers 

most magnificent apartment of its kind 

Interior of Church of All Souls 

Marion Mahoney 

Illinois, 1903

MIT Grad

worked for FLW

made lamps 

Salesroom of the Hopi House 

Mary J Colter

Grand Canyon AZ

1905

The Roman Pool in La Casa Grande 

William Randolph Hearst Estate 

Julia Morgan 

CA 1927-1932

also did tile studies for Hearst Castle 

The Trellis Room at the Colony Club 

Elsie de Wolfe

NYC

1905-1907

former actress

high society clients 

incredibly successful 

not formally trained

wrote: The House in Good Taste 

upholsterer 

upholsterer-decorator 

[image]

Salon des Artistes Décorateurs 

The exposition des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels

Michel Roux-Spitz

Paris, France

1928

cubist carpet

skyscraper light fixture

not functional and austere = not modern 

[image]

Bedroom for couturier Jeanne Lanvin

Armand-Albery

Rateau - Paris France 

1928

blue and gold influenced by DELLA ROBIA (renaiss)ce_

translated to art deco 

[image]

Chrysler Building 

William Van Alen

NYC 

1928

art deco adopted as decorative vocabulary for new skyscraper technology

zaggeraut form for hugh ferris set backs 

stainless crown - stepped form- EXPRESSED CORPORATE IMAGE - eagle like gargoyles - recalls gothic but employed as stylized geometric 

transportation inspired exterior decoration 

radiator cap ACROTERIA 

[image]

Radio City Music Hall

Edward Durrell Stone

Donald Deskey 

NYC 

1932

drama eroticism in the foyer - red black gold 

exploding setting sun in the theater

[image]

Nebraska State Capitol and World War 1 Memorial

Bertram G Goodhue Lincoln NE 1922

the sky scraper city hall 

efficiency modernity progress

capital as model for citizenship 

didactic bldg 

antiquity and nebraska pioneers

all allegory comes together in rotunda - 8 virtues 

mythicized native americans though they were not mythical 

Expressionism

Cubism 

see world sujectively

expose emotion and ideas

emotions over reality 

Russian Constructivism

Italian Futurism

drawn from

Ancient Egypt

Africa 

The orient

elsewhere

stylized flowers

coiled tendrils

faceted geometries - chevons

stylized idealized heroic human figures 

[image]

Mock Up Office 

Raymond Loewy

New York 

1934

As we delved deeper into the train and the automobile and became more enamored with speed and motion - along with industrial design - streamline moderne followed 

we got better at industry and started making it expressive 

mastery of industry 

[image]

Office in Private Apartment Above Radio City Music Hall

Donald Deskey 

NYC 

1930

 Deskey was also furnitur designer 

clean lines

recalls speed and motion 

pared down 

rich materiality 

linerar

no more tendrils

chrome - references industry 

[image]

Radio City Music Hall Womens Lounge

Deco and Murals: Yasuo Kuniyoshi

Chairs: Donald Deskey 

NYC 

1930

[image]

Design for a Living Room

Russell Wright

1933

softened but still streamline moderne 

[image]

Kitchen of Butler House

Kraetsch and Kraetsch

Iowa 1936

first modern streamlined kitchen

stainless countertops 

clean lines 

metal drawer pulls 

coordinated appliances / built in 

[image]

Johnson Wax Administration Bldg

Frank Lloyd Wright

Wisconsin 1936 1944

 technological advance 

[image]

Philadelphia Savings Fund Society 

Lascaze and Howe

Penn 

1932

i 

[image]

Hollyhock House 

FLW

LA 1917

departure for FLW

no long horizontals 

went to europe and japan and came back influenced 

new construction technique - cast concrete

include by world columbian exhibition 

[image]

Millard House

FLW

Pasadena 1923

 textile block house

more experimentation 

made with soil on site 

[image]

Kaufmann House

FLW

Pennsylvania 

horizontality is back 

space form structure mechanical equip site

organic as in emerging from the ground

open floor plan 

centered on kaufman's rock

wright denounced international style but couldnt avoid it

steel sash windows balcony interior at millard 

[image]

First Herbert Jacobs House 

FLW

Madison 

WI

1936

return to long horizontals 

plywood paneling less exposure than concrete

Usonian house

[image]

Schindler Chase House

Schindler

West Hollywood 

1921

 tilt up

experimental living 

dr lovell influence - exercise, outdoor sleeping, unprocessed food 

expressed construction method

[image]

Lovell Beach House

Schindler

Newport Beach

1922

Piloti! 

corbusier influence

wrightian sculptural window frames

articulated surfaces

built ins

[image]

Lovell Health House

Neutra!! 

LA 

1927

horizontal emphasis

structural steel

centered around lovell's quackery

gym pool windows white walls built ins 

outdoor living with health practices 

[image]

Gropius House

Walter Gropius

MA

1937

Gropius - Harvard - philosophical bent euro liberal socialism - escaped nazis

flat roof

ribbon window tube steel circular stair vert redwood siding painted white LOTS of bauhuase reference

salmon pink exterior reduced glair 

hall and parlor plan - modified

curved stair is

counterpoint to rectilinear lines 

open coat closet - coats as sculptural objects

[image]

Lake Shore Drive APartments

Mies

IL

1950

golden section bays

idealistic approach to space

less is more

didn't function well in summer 

insufferably hot

skin and bones 

controlled visual appearance by dictating curtains 

[image]

Edith Fransowrht House

Mies

IL

1950

8 steel columns

indoor outdoor limestone

utility core in middle 

raw silk 

primavera wood

ruined relationship

[image]

Johnson House

New Caanan Connecticut 

1949

influenced by mies

political career failed 

entered harvard and studied under gropius 

copy of farnsworth 

not elegantly detailed

herringbone brick floor

mies' furniture 

[image]

Eames House 

Charles and Ray

Pacific Palisades, Ca 

case study house #8 (arts and architecture magazine)

bar joists 

expandability 

less deterministic than mies 

EMBRACED THE HUMAN BEING 

[image]

The Gourmet Room 

SOM
Ohio 

1948

Miro Mural 

stupid sexist Gordon Bundshaft took all the credit for it but it was genius Natalie De Blois that was really behind it 

[image]

Cranbrook Academy Art Museum and Library 

ELIEL Saarinen

Michigan

1942

bauhaus inspired

flexible and decentralized 

interdisciplinary 

[image]

Finnish Pavilllion 

Aalto 

NYC

1939

called a work of genius by FLW

sculptural to mimic the aurora borealis 

adapted, humanized modernism 

yay alto 

organic lines 

WOOD not steel 

[image]

Herman Miller Company 

Dirk Jan De Pree (pres and chairman)

Michigan

1905

stepped into the void of modern furniture during the depression 

modernism became the ethos of the company and they were the only ones doing it 

mastermind by Gilbert Rhode 

nelson became design director and took all the credit 

[image]

Knoll Associates

Hans Knoll and Florence Knoll

NYC

1938

 Hans Knoll also fled germany 

He was very different from Nelson - he left a great legacy, paid royalties - was very different from Nelson in that way

used parachute material for Risom chair - good for war time

worked with saarinen

womb chair changed perception of modern furniture - womb like not cold

pedestal table series

also The KNOLL PLANNING UNIT

interiors planning department headed by architect Florence Knoll

[image]

Connecticut General Life Insurance Company 

SOM

Interiors - Knoll Planning Unit

Connecticut 

1955

Florence Knoll headed up this job 

started as a small contingent of the knoll company

became huge 

lots of work with SOM 

[image]

Levitttown

there were THREE
New York

Pennsylvania

New Jersey

william Levitt

first suburbs

post war

 Applied automobile making to home building

employed some modernism tenets: modern kitchens and modern space 

[image]

x-100 prototype 

joseph Eichler and a. quincy jones 

CA

1955

steel frame

proof of concept that steel can be warm and livable

led to material research contracts

Eichler's goal: livable, individual homes

[image]

Solomon R Guggenheim Museum

FLW 

1959

 in the modern world, how did we express community? the glass box did not do it. with the Gugg. FLW brought us back to FORM

He said: form follows form. not function. 

the helix is a vessel for enclosure and community 

you circulate with the group 

[image]

Chapel at MIT

Eero Saarinen 

MA

1956

humanism and meaning comes back to modernism

clinker brick (reject brick) used for texture

very clearly a spiritual space

compared to mies' chapel that was so pared down it became a storage space and a gymnasium 

[image]

TWA Terminal

Eero Saarinen

NYC

1962

future looking! 

he studied the airline industry and his design embodied its potential

expressive form

movement and fight 

but sculpture subverts the program

[image]

Baker House at MIT 

Aalto 

MA 

1949

human modernist

sculptural but also program responsive 

community and modernism have been reconciled

individualized rooms

privacy gradient

custom furniture by ARTEK

the moon garden - beloved unique space 

anti stifling conformity, anti suburban, individual and community 

[image]

northgate regional shopping center

John Graham and Company 

Seattle

1946-1950

first post war mall of its kind 

[image]

Vanna Venturi House

Robert Venturi

Pennsylvania 

1962

House that embodied venture's philosophy