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| broad category covering administrative and statistical reports, research and other projects not focused on the immediate or long-term reduction or elimination of pattern or trend. |
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| The element of reasoning that involves breaking down a problem into parts and studying the parts or a process that transforms raw data into useful information |
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| an ambiguous term, depending on agency can mean request for police response, any incident an officer responses to or computerized record of police response. |
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| the percent of reported crime resulting in an arrest or exceptional clearance according to the FBI UCR program. |
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| A philosophy and approach to policing that requires police to internalize their roles as community servants, to work pro-actively with the community to solve crime and disorder problems, communicate frequently and effectively with community members and to personalize police services based on the community characteristics. |
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| the combination of multiple values stored in separate fields into one value stored in a single field. |
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| A technique for locating, identifying, retrieving, and analyzing document for their relevance, significance and meaning. |
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| statistical procedure designed to determine if there is a relationship between two variables. |
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| the study of police incidents; the identification of patterns, trends, and problems; and the dissemination of information that helps a police agency develop tactics and strategies to solve patterns, trends and problems. |
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| the application of geographic information systems to crime or police data. |
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| a record (out of RMS) of a crime that has been reported to the police. |
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| the process in which an individual reads the content of a police reports with the goal of identifying and analyzing a pattern of crimes that the reader believes is committed by the same person or persons. |
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| Criminal event perspective |
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| a way of studying crime, rooted in environmental criminology, that consider multiple theories of offender, victim, place and opportunity. |
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| Criminal Intelligence analysis |
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| the collection, analysis and dissemination of information about criminals, particularly criminal organizations. |
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| Criminal investigative analysis |
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| an investigative process that identifies the psychological, physical and behavioral traits of an offender based on the crimes that he/she has committed. |
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| the scientific study of crime, criminals, criminal behavior and law enforcement. |
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| a set of operations that replaces inaccurate or "dirty" data with correct or "clean" data. |
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| a type of analysis that applies broad theories or premises to individual situation. It proceeds from the general to the specific. |
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| a set of measures that describe research data in terms of frequency with which the variable occurs, percentage distributions, measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion around the mean. They summarize large amount of information in an efficient and easily understood manner. |
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| Environmental criminology |
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| the study of crime as they related to places, including how crimes and criminals are influenced by environmental factors. |
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| techniques that attempt to predict future crime based on past crime. Series _____ tries to identify where and when an offender might strike next, while trend _____ attempts to predict future volumes of crime. |
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| the process of converting analog data into machine or computer readable format of translating addresses or numeric coordinates into points on a map. |
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| Geographic information system (GIS) |
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| a collection of hardware, software and people that collect, store, retrieve, manipulate, analyze and display spatial data. |
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| An area of high crime or events that form a cluster or a single place with many crimes. These might e formed by short-term patterns or long-term trends. |
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| an unproved theory tentatively accepted to explain certain facts. |
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| a type of analysis that draws broad conclusions about phenomenon based on the study of its individual pieces. Proceeds from specific to the general. |
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| used to make decisions about a population from sample results and suggests statement about a population based on the sample drawn from that population. |
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| processes, techniques, and products that provide information support for the mission of a law enforcement agency. It includes, crime analysis, criminal intelligence analysis and criminal investigative analysis. |
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| a recording of user keystrokes and mouse operation that can be played back later. |
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| Measures of central tendency |
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| statistics that measure the "typical" value of a variable. It includes, mean, median and mode. |
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| the average of a series of numbers, calculated by summing the values and dividing by the number of values. |
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| the score or potential score above with and below which one-half the scores lie. |
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| the value that occurs most frequently in a distribution of a variable. |
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| literally, "method of operation". It describes how an offender commits a crime. |
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| National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) |
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| a method of measuring crime rates that draws data from victims rather than from police agencies, thus attempting to produce a more accurate picture of total crime, rather than crime that is reported to police. Surveys 100,000 people 12 and over and details of the crime. |
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| National Incident-Based Reporting System |
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| a national data reporting standard instituted by the FBI that builds on the older UCR program. |
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| the separation of a value stored in a single field into more discrete values stores in separate fields. |
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| two or more incidents related by a common casual factor, usually to do with offender, location or target. This is typically a short term phenomena. |
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| the theorectical "universe" or aggregation of individuals or items that are to be studied. |
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| Police operations analysis |
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Definition
| the study of police agency operations and policies, including its allocation of personnel, money, equipment and other resources, geographically, organizationally and temporally, and wither these operations and policies have the most effective influence on crime and disorder in the agency's jurisdiction. |
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| multiple crime or disorder events, related through common causal factors, occurring over a long period of time. |
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| Problem-Oriented Policing (POP) |
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| an approach to policing articulated by Herman Goldstein. It reaches that police could prevent more crime and better serve their communities, by crafting solutions to underlying problems rather than focusing on individual crime incidents. Relies on careful analysis of crimes and their causes. |
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| analysis of non-discrete data, including observations, interviews and textual content. In attempt to find themes, patterns and symbolic meanings and to understand the nature of human interactions. |
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| the statistical analysis and interpretation of numeric and discrete data, including central tendency, correlation, volume and density. |
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| the span or extend of a data distribution for a particular variable. It is calculated by subtracting the minimum value from the maximum value. |
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| the ability to draw accurate conclusions based on observations and knowledge of causes and effects. |
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| Records Management System (RMS) |
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| computerized application and database in which data about crimes and other incidents, arrests, persons, property, evidence, vehicles and other data of value to police are stored. |
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| a manageable portion of a population that a researcher studies to draw inferences about the population as a whole. |
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| a problem solving model for systematically examining crime and disorder problems and developing an effective response. |
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| two or more related crimes (a pattern) committed by the same individual or group of individuals. |
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| a personalized way of committing a crime that goes beyond modus operandi, usually not necessary to the commission of the crime but rather fulfilling a psychological need. Can help link crimes in a series. |
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| a software application used to store, manipulate, retrieve, and analyze data and produce statistical results. |
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| a measure of a data sets dispersion around the mean. Helps determine how well the mean reflects the overall tendency of the data. |
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| a type of analysis that focuses on trends, problems and their causes and reduces crime through the implementation of long-term strategies and policies. |
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| analysis that focuses on immediate patterns and series, with the goals of devising quick tactics to deter or apprehend an offender. |
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| the study of time and how relates to events. |
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| long-term increases, decreases or changes in crime or crime characteristics. |
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| Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) |
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| a US standard of classifying and reporting crime that applies to uniform categorizations to events and ensures that statistics report by one jurisdiction are comparable to those reported by another. |
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| Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) |
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| a programming language designed by Microsoft that allows users to enhance their products core functionality. |
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| "Father of American Policing", Chief of Police of Berkley, CA 1905-1932. Invented and instituted techniques, technologies, and processes that improved the effectiveness of police. |
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| Police executive in many agencies, wrote "Police Administration", which is earliest known text to mention crime analysis. |
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