Term
| 1.0 Reasons for Managing Health & Safety |
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Definition
1.Ethical and Moral reasons.
2.Legal reasons.
3.Financial reasons. |
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Term
1.1 Moral Reasons
What is Duty of Care? |
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Definition
| the obligation to exercise a level of care towards an individual, that is reasonable - in all circumstances - to avoid injury to that individual or his property. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an unintentional but careless act that results in loss. |
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Term
| Does a duty of care exist? |
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Definition
| This depends on the relationship between the parties |
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Term
| Is there a breach of that duty? |
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Definition
| Liability will only arise if the action breaches the duty of care and causes a loss or harm to the individual that would have been reasonably foreseeable in all the facts and circumstances of the case. |
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Term
| Did the breach cause damage or loss to an individual's person or property? |
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Definition
| Now been extended, from physical injury and damage to property; and in some circumstances, to where there is only pure economic loss |
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Term
| The Health and Safety Executive has Inspectors who have the following powers |
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Definition
•An inspector can gain access without a warrant to a workplace at any time.
•An inspector can employ the police to assist them in the execution of their duties.
•An inspector can take equipment or materials onto the premises to assist in carrying out investigations
•An inspector can carry out investigations and examinations of equipment, machinery etc. as they deem necessary, taking photographs, samples and measurements etc.
•An inspector can order the removal and testing of equipment or machinery.
•An inspector can take statements, records and documents etc |
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Term
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Definition
| An Inspector, if they deem it necessary and appropriate, can issue a Prohibition Notice or Improvement Notice when they believe or have reason to believe that a health and safety contravention is being committed. |
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Term
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Definition
| is issued by the Inspector and prohibits the work described in it, if the inspector is of the opinion that the circumstances present a serious risk of personal injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| is issued by an inspector (when a statutory requirement is not being complied with) and specifies a time period to remedy the contraventions. |
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Term
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Definition
| the written law of the land. It includes Acts of Parliament, Regulations etc |
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Term
Common Law.
(sometimes called 'case law' or 'judge-made law') |
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Definition
| It consists of rules of law based on common custom and usage and on judicial (court) decisions. its the basis of law in the USA and many other English-speaking countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| It deals with disputes between individuals or organizations. |
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Term
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Definition
| One crucial difference between Civil and Criminal law is that the 'burden of proof' is lower in a civil case |
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Term
| The cost of accidents, both locally and nationally, are made up of elements of the following: |
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Definition
•Direct Costs (Insured).
•Death.
•Hospital, etc. treatment.
•Permanent disability.
•Sick pay.
•Legal costs.
•Insurance claims.
•Damage to buildings, vehicles, machinery, etc.
•Product loses and or damage.
•Material loses and or damage.
•Overtime working.
•Indirect Costs (uninsured)
•Investigation costs.
•Fines.
•Hiring or training replacement staff.
•Loss of experience and expertise.
•Lowering of morale.
•Loss of goodwill.
•Loss of image.
•Business interruptions.
•Product liability.
•Production delays.
•Increased premiums |
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Term
| The Government has identified three categorisations of non-major hazard industries |
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Definition
1.Those sectors which present comparatively high risk and where, in our judgement, proactive inspection remains necessary as part of the overall regulatory approach;
2.Those sectors where there remains comparatively high risk but proactive inspection is not considered a useful component of future interventions; and
3.Those areas where proactive inspection is not justified in terms of outcomes |
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Term
| The Government has identified three categorisations of non-major hazard industries RESULTED THE FOLLOWING GROUPING |
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Definition
1.Comparatively high risk areas where proactive intervention to be retained.
2.Areas of concern but where proactive inspection is unlikely to be effective and is not proposed
3.Lower risk areas where proactive inspection will no longer take place. |
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Term
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Definition
| 'a source or a situation with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health, damage to property, damage to the environment, or a combination of these |
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Term
| OHSAS 18001 defines a hazard |
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Definition
| 'source or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury or ill health, damage to the workplace, damage to the workplace environment, or a combination of these |
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Term
| Harm can have two meanings |
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Definition
•Physical or other injury or damage (such as ill-health or damage to machinery);
•To hurt someone or damage something |
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Term
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Definition
| 'the combination of the likelihood and consequences of a specified hazardous event occurring |
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Term
| OHSAS 18001 defines a risk |
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Definition
| 'combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specified hazardous event occurring |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| 3.6 The Benefits of a Formal Health and Safety Management System |
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Definition
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A system for continually identifying legal and other requirements.
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A clear management structure delegating authority and responsibility.
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A clear set of objectives for improvement, with measurable results.
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A structured approach to risk assessment within the organisation.
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A planned and documented approach to health and safety.
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The monitoring of health and safety management issues, auditing of performance and review of policies and objectives. |
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Term
| Time spent on improving an organisation's health and safety could provide a financial return in terms of |
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Definition
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Reduced accidents and occupational ill-health.
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Reduced stress and greater productivity.
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An improvement in underwriting risk.
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A reduction in the likelihood of paying legal costs and compensation |
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Term
| four strands in the process by which increasing numbers of the larger organisations in the developed world have been adopting OHMS |
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Definition
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Active promotion by consultants and governments;
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An international debate and the adoption of national standards;
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A trend towards mandatory requirements for OHMS;
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Spread of OHMS through 'hybrid' regulatory regimes which require self-audit. |
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Term
IA1 Principles of Health and Safety Management
3.8 HSG65
Policy Set the direction for the organisation |
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Definition
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Demonstrating senior management commitment.
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Setting health and safety in context with other business objectives.
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Making a commitment to continuous improvement in health and safety performance. |
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Term
| Outline the details of the policy framework, showing how implementation will take place by |
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Definition
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Identifying the director or key senior manager with overall responsibility for formulating and implementing the policy.
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Having the document signed and dated by the director or chief executive.
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Explaining the responsibilities of managers and staff.
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Recognising and encouraging the involvement of employees and safety representatives.
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Outlining the basis for effective communication.
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Showing how adequate resources will be allocated.
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Committing the leaders to planning and regularly reviewing and developing the policy.
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Securing the competence of all employees and the provision of any necessary specialist advice. |
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Term
ORGNIZATION
There are four main components that HSG65 identifies |
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Definition
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Control.
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Co-operation.
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Communication.
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Competence. |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
1. Control |
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Definition
•Lead by example
•Identify people responsible for particular health and safety jobs
•Ensure that managers, supervisors and team leaders understand their responsibilities and have time and resources to carry them out.
•Ensure everyone knows what they must do and how they will be held accountable - set objectives |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
2. Co-operation |
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Definition
•Chair your health and safety committee - if you have one
•Involve staff in planning and reviewing performance, writing procedures and solving problems.
•Co-ordinate and co-operate with those contractors who work on your premises. |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
3. Communication: |
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Definition
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Provide information about hazards, risks and preventive measures to employees and contractors working on your premises.
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Discuss health and safety regularly.
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Be 'visible' on health and safety. |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
4. Competence: |
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Definition
•Assess the skills needed to carry out all tasks safely.
•Provide the means to ensure that all employees, including your managers, supervisors and temporary staff, are adequately instructed and trained.
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Ensure that people doing especially dangerous work have the necessary training, experience and other qualities to carry out the work safely.
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Arrange for access to sound advice and help.
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Carry out re-structuring or re-organisation to ensure the competence of those taking on new health and safety responsibilities. |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
4.Planning should provide for: |
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Definition
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Identifying hazards and assessing risks, and deciding how they can be eliminated or controlled.
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Complying with the health and safety laws that apply to your organisation.
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Agreeing health and safety targets with managers and supervisors.
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A purchasing and supply policy which takes health and safety into account.
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Design of tasks, processes, equipment, products and services and safe systems of work.
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Procedures to deal with serious and imminent danger.
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Co-operation with neighbours, and/or subcontractors.
culture |
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Term
ORGNIZATION HSG65
5.Audit and Review.
paying particular attention to: |
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Definition
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The degree of compliance with health and safety performance standards.
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Areas where standards are absent or inadequate.
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Achievement of stated objectives within given time-scales.
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Injury, illness and incident data - analyses of immediate and underlying causes, trends and common features.
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These indicators will show you where you need to improve. |
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Term
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Definition
OHSAS 18001 contains 6 elements, as detailed below:
1 General requirements.
2 OHS Policy.
3 Planning.
•Hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
• Legal and other requirements.
•Objectives.
•OH&S management programme
4 Implementation and operation.
•Structure and responsibility, awareness and competence.
•Consultation and communication.
•Documentation.
•Documentation and data control.
•Operational control.
•Emergency preparedness and response.
5 Monitoring and audit.
•Performance monitoring and measuring.
•Accidents, incidents, non-conformance, corrective and preventative action.
•Records and record management.
6 Management review. |
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Term
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Definition
•Document Control.
•Quality Records.
•Internal Audits.
•Non-Conforming Product.
•Corrective Action.
•Preventive Action.
includes the following main sections:
•Quality Management System.
•Management Responsibility.
•Resource Management.
•Product Realisation.
•Measurement Analysis and Improvement |
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Term
| To gain the maximum benefit from ISO 9000:2000 |
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Definition
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Define why your organisation is in business.
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Determine the key processes that state 'what' you do.
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Establish how these processes work within your business.
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Determine who owns these processes.
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Agree these processes throughout the organisation.
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Differences between ISO 9000:1994 and ISO 9001:2000 |
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Term
| 3.11 TQM - Total Quality Management |
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Definition
| is a business philosophy that seeks to encourage both individual and collective commitment to quality at every stage of the production process from initial design and conception to after-sales service. |
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Term
| TQM can be addressed in a business in a number of ways. |
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Definition
•A policy of zero defects
•Quality chains-
•Quality circles
•Statistical monitoring
•Consumer feedback
•Changing production methods |
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Term
| What are some of the benefits of having an ISO EMS? |
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Definition
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Improved perception of the key environmental issues by their employees and a better (greener) public image of the organisation.
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An increase in the efficiency and use of energy and raw materials.
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Improved ability to achieve compliance with environmental regulations.
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Dependence on a system rather than just the experience and capabilities of an individual to manage the environmental function of an organisation |
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Term
| Why have these standards (EMS) |
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Definition
| allows organisations to focus environmental efforts against internationally-accepted criteria |
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Term
| To whom do the standards (EMS) apply |
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Definition
| all types and sizes of organisations and are designed to encompass diverse geographical, cultural and social conditions. |
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Term
| What does the ISO 14000 Series cover |
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Definition
14000
Guide to Environmental Management Principles, Systems and Supporting Techniques.
14001
Environmental Management Systems - Specification with Guidance for Use.
14010
Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - General Principles of Environmental Auditing.
14011
Guidelines for Environmental Auditing - Audit Procedures Part 1: Auditing of Environmental Management Systems.
14012
Guidelines for Environmental Auditing Qualification Criteria for Environmental Auditors.
14013/15
Guidelines for Environmental Auditing -Audit Programmes, Reviews & Assessments.
14020/23
Environmental Labelling.
14024
Environmental Labelling - Practitioner Programmes - Guiding Principles, Practices and Certification Procedures of Multiple Criteria Programmes.
14031/32
Guidelines on Environmental Performance Evaluation.
14040/43
Life Cycle Assessment General Principles and Practices.
14050
Glossary.
14060
Guide for the Inclusion of Environmental Aspects in Product Standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| the basic parts are very similar to HSG65 and OHSAS 18001 in concept |
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Term
| The steps involved in managing risk. |
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Definition
A. Establish Goals and Context.
B. Identify risks.
C. Analyse risks.
D. Evaluate risks.
E. Determine the treatments for the risks.
F. Monitor and report on the effectiveness of risk treatments. |
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Term
| Managing Risk - Treatment strategies will be directed towards |
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Definition
•Avoiding the risk by discontinuing the activity that generates it,
•Reducing the likelihood of the occurrence;
•Reducing the consequences of the occurrence;
•Transferring the risk;
•Retaining the risk. |
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Term
CHASE Audit and Evaluation System
CHASE (Complete Health And Safety Evaluation) system is designed around good management practices.
Key Features: |
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Definition
•CHASE is used for any type of loss control - Environmental, Quality, Food Hygiene, etc.
•CHASE is designed to be flexible so you use it to monitor your performance against your standards - edit or create your own questions to make it specific to your organisation.
•Create and follow up recommendations and actions plans.
•Monitor performance over time.
•Built-in evaluation and audit scheduling.
•CHASE enables managers to extract useful information from audit and monitoring data.
•Line managers can perform their own self-assessments, backed up with external verification by independent auditors.
•CHASE is easy to use and cost-effective. |
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Term
| Summary of Key Elements of OHS Management Systems |
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Definition
•Policy
This is the same for OHSAS, ILO-OSH, HSG65 and BS8800.
•Organising
This is the same for HSG65, BS8800 and ILO-OSH. For OHSAS, this is part of the "Implementation and Operation" step.
•Planning and Implementing
This is the same for HSG65, BS8800 and ILO-OSH. For OHSAS, Planning is broken out as a separate step
Performance Review
HSG65 and BS8800 cover this under "Measuring Performance" and "Reviewing Performance" or "Initial/Periodic Status Review". ILO-OSH covers this under "Evaluation". OHSAS covers this under "Checking and Corrective Action" and "Management Review".Audit
This is part of HSG65, BS8800, ILO-OSH and OHSAS and is usually discussed in the section on reviewing/evaluating performance
Continuous Improvement
Discussed in HSG65 and BS8800 as a feedback loop |
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Term
3.18 Benefits & Limitations of Integration of Management Systems.
Benefits |
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Definition
Simplified systems, optimized resources and a common framework for continual improvement.
-Employees can perform their jobs using one set of work instructions
- A single training process for new employees minimises contradiction.
Reducing the amount of documentation |
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Term
| The following processes are common among quality, environmental and OHS systems |
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Definition
•Document control.
•Record control.
•Management review.
•Employee training.
•Design and development control.
•Operational controls.
•Measuring and monitoring device control.
•Equipment maintenance.
•Purchasing.
•Corrective action.
•Preventive action.
•Internal audits. |
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Term
3.18 Benefits & Limitations of Integration of Management Systems.
Limitations. |
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Definition
THE process could threaten the coherence and consistency of current arrangements
There can be a tendency to develop over documented, bureaucratic processes |
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Term
| (EMS)Standard Key considerations are likely to include, |
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Definition
What business objectives need to be met by the standard?
How tailored does the standard need to be?
Specifically, does the standard need to focus on a particular country, sector or issue? |
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Term
| There are, in total, ten major global standards (EMS): |
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Definition
AA1000.
Business Principles for Countering Bribery.
Global Compact.
Global Reporting Initiative.
ISO 14001.
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
OECD Guidelines for MNEs.
OECD Principles on Corporate Governance.
SA8000.
UN Norms on the Responsibilities of TNCs and Other Business Enterprises with Regard to Human Rights. |
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Term
| Consideration 1: What business objectives need to be met by the standard (EMS)? |
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Definition
1. Is the aim to establish a baseline or reach for the sky?
2. Are questions of credibility and internal or external assurance & certification relevant? |
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Term
| Consideration 2: How tailored does the standard need to be? |
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Definition
1. Should it be an externally developed standard or one that is tailored to the company?
2. Should the standard provide a general framework, guide processes or specify actions and impacts against which the company must deliver? |
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Term
| Consideration 3: Should the standard (EMS)apply to a specific country, sector or issue? |
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Definition
EXAMPLE
Country specific.
Sector specific.
Issue specific. |
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Term
3.20 SA8000.
SA8000 provides transparent, measurable, verifiable standards for certifying the performance of companies in nine essential areas: |
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Definition
1. Child Labour
2. Forced Labour.
3. Health and Safety.
4. Freedom of Association.
5. Discrimination.
6. Disciplinary Practices.
7. Working Hours.
8. Compensation.
9. Management. |
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Term
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Definition
| proves that your social accountability system has been measured against a best practice standard and found compliant. certify co. ensure basic human rights for your employees. |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that all workplaces should be managed in such a manner that basic human rights are supported and that management is prepared to accept accountability for this. |
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Term
3.22 The Influence of the Turnbull Report on Health & Safety Management.
The important thing to remember is that all four requirements are the responsibility of the board of directors |
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Definition
There are four basic requirements within the Report, which can be summarised as follows:
1. The maintenance of a sound system of internal control.
2. Regular review of the effectiveness of the system of internal control.
3. An annual statement on the effectiveness of the system of internal control.
4. An annual review of the effectiveness of internal audit, or the need for internal audit if there is no such function. |
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Term
3.23 Maintaining a Sound System of Internal Control.
what are the components of a sound system of internal control? |
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Definition
According to Turnbull, they include:
Control activities.
Information and communications.
Procedures to monitor ongoing effectiveness. |
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Term
| What are the list would provide companies with the basis for a sound system: |
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Definition
1. A board procedures manual.
2. A manual of delegated authorities and mandates.
3. Board and committee terms of reference.
4. An organisation chart.
5. Job descriptions for all staff members.
6. A documented strategic plan.
7. Timely, relevant and reliable management information.
8. A formal briefing process for staff.
9. Procedure manuals for every process.
10. A controls manual.
11. A control certification procedure.
12. An ongoing process for the identification and assessment of risks. |
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Term
| There are two important pieces of legislation to keep in mind when referring to the organisations health and safety policy |
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Definition
1. The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
2. and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999. |
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Term
3.29 The Legal Requirements for a Written Health & Safety Policy.
- Planning: |
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Definition
Adequate planning includes:
(a) Adopting a systematic approach to the completion of a risk assessment. Risk assessment methods should be used to decide on priorities and to set up objectives for eliminating hazards and reducing risks. This should include a programme with deadlines for the completion of the risk assessment process, together with suitable deadlines for the design and implementation of the necessary preventative and protective measures.
(b) Selecting appropriate methods of risk control to minimise risks.
(c) Establishing priorities and developing performance standards both for the completion of the risk assessment(s) and the implementation of preventative and protective measures, which at each stage minimises the risk of harm to people. |
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Term
3.29 The Legal Requirements for a Written Health & Safety Policy.
-ORGANISATION. |
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Definition
a) Carrying out risk assessments, deciding on preventative and protective measures and implementing those requirements in the workplace.
b)(b) Establishing effective means of communication and consultation in which a positive approach to health and safety is visible and clear.
c) (c) Securing competence by the provision of adequate information, instruction and training and its evaluation, particularly for those who carry out risk assessments and make decisions about preventative and protective measures. |
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Term
3.29 The Legal Requirements for a Written Health & Safety Policy.
- CONTROL |
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Definition
(a) Clarifying health and safety responsibilities and ensuring that the activities of everyone are well coordinated.
(b) Ensuring everyone with responsibilities understands clearly what they have to do to discharge their responsibilities, and ensure they have the time and resources to discharge them effectively.
(c) Setting standards to judge the performance of those with responsibilities and ensure they meet them. It is important to reward good performance as well as to take action to improve poor performance.
(d) Ensuring adequate and appropriate supervision, particularly for those who are learning and who are new to a job. |
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Term
3.29 The Legal Requirements for a Written Health & Safety Policy.
MONITORING |
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Definition
(a) Having a plan and making adequate routine inspections and checks to ensure that preventative and protective measures are in place and effective.
(b) Adequately investigating the immediate and underlying causes of incidents and accidents to ensure that remedial action is taken, lessons are learnt and long-term objectives are introduced. |
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Term
3.29 The Legal Requirements for a Written Health & Safety Policy.
REVIEW. |
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Definition
(a) Establishing priorities for necessary remedial action that were discovered as a result of monitoring to ensure that suitable action is taken in good time and is completed.
(b) Periodically reviewing the whole of the health and safety management system including the elements of planning, organisation, control and monitoring to ensure that the whole system remains effective. |
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Term
| Description of the general components of a health and safety policy document: |
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Definition
Statement of intent - overview, safety goals and objectives.
Organisation - duties, responsibilities and organisational structure in relation to health and safety.
Arrangements - systems, procedures, standards, cross-reference to key documents. |
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Term
3.30 Essential Format & Content of the Policy Statement.
1. A general statement of intent. |
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Definition
| It's the organisation's overall philosophy in relation to the management of health and safety, including reference to the broad responsibilities of both management and workforce. |
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Term
3.30 Essential Format & Content of the Policy Statement.
Basic objectives and general content of statement |
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Definition
(a) Committing to operating the business in accordance with the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 and all applicable regulations made under the Act, 'so far as reasonably practicable';
(b) Specify that health and safety are management responsibilities ranking equally with responsibilities for production, sales, costs, and similar matters;
(b) Specify that health and safety are management responsibilities ranking equally with responsibilities for production, sales, costs, and similar matters;
(c) Indicate that it is the duty of management to see that everything reasonably practicable is done to prevent personal injury in the processes of production, and in the design, construction, and operation of all plant, machinery and equipment, and to maintain a safe and healthy place of work;
(d) Indicate that it is the duty of all employees to act responsibly, and to do everything they can to prevent injury to themselves and fellow workers.
(e) Identify the main board director or managing board director (or directors) who has prime responsibility for health and safety, in order to make the commitment of the board precise, and provide points of reference for any manager who is faced with a conflict between the demands of safety and the demands of production;
(f) Be dated so as to ensure that it is periodically revised in the light of current conditions, and be signed by the chairman, managing director, chief executive, or whoever speaks for the organisation at the highest level and with the most authority on all matters of general concern; and
(g) Clearly state how and by whom its operation is to be monitored. |
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Term
3.30 Essential Format & Content of the Policy Statement
2. Organisation (people and their duties)
This outlines the chain of command in terms of health and safety management: |
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Definition
Who is responsible to whom and for what?
How is the accountability fixed so as to ensure that delegated responsibilities are undertaken?
How is the policy implementation monitored?
Individual job descriptions having a safety content;
Details of specific safety responsibilities;
The role and function of safety committee(s);
The role and function of safety representatives;
A management chart clearly showing the lines of responsibility and accountability in terms of health and safety management. |
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Term
3.30 Essential Format & Content of the Policy Statement
Organisation (people and their duties)
Suitable policies will demonstrate - both in written and diagrammatic form (where appropriate) - the following features: |
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Definition
(a) The unbroken and logical delegation of duties through line management and supervisors who operate where the hazards arise and the majority of the accidents occur.
(b) The identification of key personnel (by name and/or job title) who are accountable to top management for ensuring that detailed arrangements for safe working are drawn up, implemented and maintained.
(c) The definition of the roles of both line and functional management. Specific job descriptions should be formulated.
(d) The provision of adequate support for line management via relevant functional management such as safety advisers, engineers, medical advisers, designers, hygienists, chemists, ergonomists, etc.
(e) The nomination of persons with the competence and authority to measure and monitor safety performance.
(f) The responsibilities of all employees.
(g) The arrangements for employee representation on health and safety matters (i.e. whether by trade union safety representatives, employee elected safety representatives or by direct consultation with each employee (see joint consultation, safety representatives and safety committees).
(h ) The involvement of the safety adviser and relevant line/functional management at the planning/design stage.
(j) The provision of the means to deal with failures in order to meet job requirements.
(k) The fixing of accountability for the management of health and safety in a similar manner to other management functions.
(l) The organisation must unambiguously indicate to the individuals exactly what they must do to fulfil their role. Thereafter a failure is a failure to manage effectively.
(m) The organisation should make it known - both in terms of time and money - what resources are available for health and safety. |
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