Term
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Definition
| Blood pressure readings that are consistently measures higher than 140/90. Must be recorded on more than one consecutive occasion. |
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Term
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Definition
| 120-139/80-89, Higher blood pressures are being seen in younger people. This may be caused by poor diet. |
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Term
| Primary hypertension vs. Secondary hypertension |
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Definition
Primary -- the problem is stemming from disease or malfunction of the heart itself
Secondary -- the problem is stemming from disease elsewhere in the body (ex.: endocrine disease, renal disease, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of blood pumped within one minute |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of blood pumped in one pump of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
The amount of blood in the heart before pumping
Increased by: kidney disease, heart failure
Increased preload leads to increased contraction which leads to cardiac output (normal) |
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Term
| Isolated systolic hypertension |
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Definition
Only the systolic blood pressure is raised
Most commonly caused by the stiffening of vessels with age. Can also be caused by valvular issues such as regurgitation. |
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Term
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Definition
SVR -- systemic vascular resistance
Intervention of the SNS -- quickest method
Vascular endothelium -- vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Renal system -- RAAS
Endocrine system -- epinephrine/norepinephrine, cortisol, etc.
Stress response -- epinephrine and cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
Modifiable -- smoking, diet, exercise, diabetes management
Non-modifiable -- age, sex, genetics |
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Term
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Definition
Fatigue, headache, many times it is "silent" (patient is unaware/asymptomatic until organ damage occurs)
Severe cases -- palpitations, angina, organ damage (usually kidneys first) |
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Term
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Definition
Coronary artery disease (HTN is #1 cause of CAD due to endothelial damage in the vessels)
Myocardial infarction
Left ventricular hypertrophy -- due to increased contractions
Heart failure -- can result in kidney damage, cardiac output is severely decreased
Cerebrovascular disease -- due to endothelial damage
Peripheral vascular disease
Nephrosclerosis
Retinal damage |
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Term
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Definition
BP measurements -- 2 or more consistent high readings, must be taken in each arm, always go with your highest reading
History and physical -- looking for family history and medication use
Urinalysis, BUN, Creatinine tests -- testing for organ damage
Basal metabolic profile -- checks electrolytes
12 lead EKG
Lipid panel -- checking for atherosclerosis |
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Term
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Definition
Lifestyle change
Weight loss
Sodium restriction
Exercise
Medication compliance |
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Term
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Definition
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Vasodilators
Calcium channel blockers -- decrease contractibility
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertension that does not respond to medication combinations, difficult to treat |
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Term
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Definition
Biggest concern -- stroke
Risk factors -- noncompliance with treatment, long time hypertension
Manifestations -- heart attack, nausea, vomiting, seizures, coma, kidney damage
NEED TO LOWER BLOOD PRESSURE |
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