Term
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Definition
Class: thiazide diuretic, antihypertensive drug
Mechanism: lower BP by increasing urinary sodium excretion, decrease plasma volume and decrease cardiac output; chronically decrease peripheral vascular resistance
Indication: hypertension, 1st line
Adverse Effects: (reduce relative intravascular volume and activates RAAS --> inc. renin and ALD activity --> increase secretion/excretion of potassium --> HYPOKALEMIA), ventricular arrhythmias |
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Term
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Definition
Class: calcium channel blocker type I, antihypertensive
Mechanism: direct interaction w/ VG L-type Ca ch. in outer membrane; 1* effect = decrease vascular resistance
Indication: HTN, dec. CV events and deaths, reduce stroke > MI; preferred drug in OLDER patients and CONCURRENT ANGINA
Adverse Effects: (9%) constipation, HA, dizziness, nausea, galactorrhea, hepatotoxicity, AV block, bradycardia, CHF |
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Term
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Definition
Class: calcium channel blocker type I, antihypertensive
Mechanism: direct interaction w/ VG L-type Ca ch. in outer membrane; 1* effect = decrease vascular resistance
Indication: HTN, dec. CV events and deaths, reduce stroke > MI; preferred drug in OLDER patients and CONCURRENT ANGINA
Adverse Effects: (4%) dizziness, HA, fatigue, blurred vision, flushing, AV block, bradycardia |
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Term
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Definition
Class: RAAS interruption, antihypertensive
Mechanism: inhibition of renin
Effects: dose-dependent inhibiton of renin and reduction of BP
Indication: HTN (alone or combo, but combo superior)
Adverse Effects: (no cough or angioneurotic edema)
Pharmacokinetics: T1/2 20-45hr in plasma |
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Term
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Definition
Class: RAAS inhibitors, antihypertensive
Mechanism: ACE-inhibition, decrease AT II, decrease ALD, increase renin, increase bradykinin (dilatory effects), decreased BP
Effects: rapid and slow decrease in BP, decreases vascular and cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling, enhanced response to diuretics, potassium sparring, delays development of DM nephropathy
Indication: Drug of choice for HTN pts w/ comorbidities (CHF, CHD, chronic renal dz - DM or non-DM)
Contraindication: renal artery stenosis as etiology of chronic renal dz
Adverse Effects: rash, fever, puritus, loss of taste, hypotension, cough, angioedema, teratogen, hyperkalemia
Pharmaockinetics: active drug, t1/2 3hrs w/ duration of 12hr effects |
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Term
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Definition
Class: RAAS inhibitor, antihypertensive
Mechanism: angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonist, selective and competitive
Effects: dose-dependent decrease in PVR
Indication: HTN esp. with persistent cough from ACE-I treatment (replace ACE-I with ARB)
Adverse Effects: no cough, but teratogen, angioedema, acute renal failure, hyperkalemia |
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Term
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Definition
| low dose thiazide + K+ sparing diuretics |
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Term
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Definition
| based on compelling indication |
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Term
| prostatism + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| coronary disease + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
| beta blocker or ACE-I/ARB |
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Term
| tachyarrhythmia + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| heart failure + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
| beta blocker or ACE-I/ARB |
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Term
| proteinuria + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| elderly + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| systolic HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| angina + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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Term
| peripheral vascular dz + HTN (2nd choice therapy) |
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Definition
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