Term
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Definition
| Immune response which harms the host |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity is caused by (2) |
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Definition
Dysregulated or uncontrolled response to foreign AGN
Failure of self-tolerance resulting immune response directed against self |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell-bound ABY reacts with AGN to release active substances |
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Term
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Definition
| Free ABY reacts with AGN on cell surface |
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Term
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Definition
| ABY reacts with Soluble AGN; complexes precipitate in Tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensitized T cells responsible for symptoms |
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Term
| Immediate Type Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Symptoms develop within a few minutes to hours |
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Term
| Which types are associated with immediate type hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Delayed Type Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Manifestations occur 24-48 hours after contact with AGN |
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Term
| Which type is associated with delayed type hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 Examples of Type I hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Hay fever, asthma, hives, food allergies, anaphylactic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergens that trigger the formation of IgE |
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Term
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Definition
| Inherited tendency to respond to naturally occurring inhaled or ingested allergens with continual production of IgE |
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Term
| Which type has a strong genetic base? |
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Definition
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Term
| Type I is associated with which HLA |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ regulates IgE production |
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Definition
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Term
| Mast cells are derived from ___ in the ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the sequence of events for Type I hypersensitivity? |
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Definition
IgE production stimulated by allergens
IgE binds to mast cells & coats cell
Subsequent exposure to allergen results in AGN binding to IgE on cells resulting in cross-linking of IgE receptors |
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Term
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Definition
| IgE binds to mast cell & coats cell |
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Term
| Chemical mediators in Type I cause Increased |
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Definition
Vascular dilation
Smooth Muscle contractions
Tissue Damage |
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Term
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Definition
Skin manifestiations: redness, wheal, flare
Smooth muscle contraction: airway obstruction
Increased vascular permeability: may result in shock |
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Term
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Definition
| Mimics the effect of histamine |
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Term
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Definition
| Some act like histamine, but more potent |
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Term
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Definition
| induce local inflammation (leukocyte recruitment) |
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Term
| Platelet-activating factor |
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Definition
| Causes platelet aggregation |
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Term
| Anaphylaxis is a ____ reaction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching eyes and nose |
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Term
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Definition
| Recurrent airflow obstruction; breathlessness |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms vary; cow's milk, peanuts, and eggs are most common allergies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
total IgE
now done by sanwhich EIA |
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Term
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Definition
Levels of specific IgE
ELISA test |
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Term
| Type II hypersensitivity is also known as |
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Definition
| antibody mediated hypersensitivity |
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Term
| Some possible effects of Type II |
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Definition
1. Opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis
2. Binding of C' and lysis of cell AGN
3. ABY Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) by WBCs |
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Term
| Sequence of events for Type 2 |
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Definition
1. Specific ABYs stimulated by cell AGNs
2. ABYs attach to cell AGNs and can fix C' |
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Term
| Transfusion reactions occur when... |
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Definition
| incompatible blood transfused |
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Term
| Hemolytic Disease of Newborn (HDN) |
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Definition
| Mom makes IgG ABY to fetal RBC |
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Term
| 4 Types of Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
1. Cold Autoagglutinins
2. Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic anemia
3. Idiopathic Autoimmune Hemolytic anemia
4. Autoimmune or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura |
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Term
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Definition
IgM against I/i blood group
Adverse reactions seen when person exposed to cold |
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Term
| Warm Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Mechanism for ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) |
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Definition
| ABYs formed to platelets which are destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ABY to receptor in muscle |
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Term
| Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
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Definition
| ABY to Beta cells of Pancreas |
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Term
| Testing for Type II Hypersensitivity (3) |
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Definition
Blood group ABYs
ITP: Platelet ABYs
Often test for specific ABY |
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Term
| Type III Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| ABYs may cause disease by binding to circulating AGNs which are then deposited in tissue |
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Term
| Type III - The AGN-ABY complexes induce... |
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Definition
| inflammation or interfere with cellular functions |
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Term
| Type III often manifests as... |
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Definition
| vasculitis, arthritis, & nephritis |
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Term
| Type III Sequence of events (5) |
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Definition
1. Production of IgM or IgG stimulated by SOLUBLE AGN
2. AGN-ABY complexes formed and deposited in tissues
3. C' binds to immune complexes leading to release of mediators
4. Mediators act; phagocytosis enhanced by C3b deposited on tissues
5. If target cells too large, phagocytes may release granule contents and damage tissue |
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Term
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Definition
Increase vasodilation and vasopermeability
Attract macrophages and neutrophils |
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Term
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Definition
| Experimental model for immune complex disease - skin reaction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| As more & more immune complexes are formed, some are depositied in vascular beds - activating complement |
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Term
| Most common cause of Serum Sickness |
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Definition
| antibiotics, particularly penicillin and its derivaties |
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Term
| Symptoms of Serum Sickness |
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Definition
| Headache, nausea, vomiting, join pain, & lymphadenopathy |
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Term
| What are probably due to Type III hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ABYs against DNA & nucleohistones |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple organs are affected |
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Term
| Name 2 other immune complex diseases |
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Definition
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Polyarteritis nodosa |
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Term
| What happens during Polyarteritis nodosa |
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Definition
Arteries inflamed
most common in HBV infection
cause unknown |
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Term
| 3 types of testing for Type III |
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Definition
Look for specific ABY
Detect immune complexes in tissue
Measure C' levels |
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Term
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Definition
Sensitized T cells have major role
24-48 hours after exposure to AGN |
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Term
| Sequence of Events for Type IV |
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Definition
1. AGN processed by macrophages/Langerhands and presented to T helper cells
2. T helper cells activated and release cytokines that promote inflammation
3. Cytotoxic T cells activated and destroy AGN coated target cells |
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Term
| Which T helper cell are normally associated with Type IV |
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Definition
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Term
| Type IV Sequence of events |
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Definition
1. Hapten binds to glycoproteins on skin cells
2. Langerhans cells process AGN & present to T cells
3. T cells become sensitized; Takes several days and may last for years
4. Upon repeat exposure, skin eruption |
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Term
|
Definition
AVOID contact with allergen
Systemic corticosteroids may be needed in severe cases
If area is small, can be treated with topical steroids |
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Term
| 4 types of Type IV Hypersensitivity |
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Definition
Contact dermatitis
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Tuberculin-type hypersensitivity
Granulomatous hypersensitivity |
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Term
| Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is mediated by |
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Definition
| sensitized T cells responding to inhaled allergens |
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Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of lower respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
Farmer's lung
Pigeon breeder's disease |
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Term
| Reactions from HP are usually due to |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Respiratory, fever, malaise |
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Term
| What is injected intradermally for TB |
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Definition
| Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) |
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Term
| What happens if person has been previously exposed to MTB? |
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Definition
| T cells and macrophages converge at site and produce erythema and induration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Sequence with Granulomatous hypersensitivity |
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Definition
Microorganisms persist in macrophages which cannot destroy them
Granuloma formed |
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Term
| Diseases associated with Granulomatous hypersensitivity |
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Definition
| Mycobacteria and Fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
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