Term
|
Definition
| Structure of subsurface porous material in reference to the flow of groundwater |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Measure of the empty space in a material (n)
Primary: Matrix
Duel: Fissures
Triple: Conduits/channels |
|
|
Term
| Permeability (primary and secondary) |
|
Definition
Ability of porous material to allow fluids to pass through (k)
Primary: Fluid moving through grains of material
Secondary: Gaps formed later (fissures or channels) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How thick an aquifer is (b). Because we assume isotropic and homogenous, we try and pick a thickness with the same characteristics. Sometimes that means the thickness is only as thick as one fissure in the bedrock |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Describes how easily water can move through a material (K) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| How much water can pass horizontally through an aquifer (T=K*b) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of water unit volume that can be removed per unit drop in head (Ss) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amount of water in the aquifer that can be removed per unit drop in head (S=Sds*b) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water that gets into the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water that makes it to the water table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The avg amount of time a substance (chemical) spends in a certain reservoir |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Ca, Mg, Na, SiO2
Less total dissolved solids, silicate minerals weather slowly
More variety of ions
Important buffering system |
|
|
Term
| Carbonate Water Chemistry |
|
Definition
Ca, Mg, HCO3
High total dissolved solids
Carbonate weathers easily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H2 (deuterium)
O17 and 18
C13
N15
S33, 34, and 36 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Groundwater flow
Steady State Equation
Transient State Equation |
|
Definition
Steady State: d^2h/dx^2+d^2h/dy^2+d^2h/dz^2=0
Transient State: d^2h/dx^2+d^2h/dy^2+d^2h/dz^2=Ss(dh/dt)/k |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Single well, steady state, hydraulic head can be calculated for any distance from the well if boundary conditions, Q, K, and b are known
h=(Q/2(pi)Kb)ln(r/R)+h-naught
Q is pumping rate
r is radius from pumping well
h-naught is original water level
h is current water level
b is aquifer thickness
K is hydraulic conductivity
R is radius from well that is affected by pumping |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Transient flow drawdown with multiple wells
s=(Q/4(pi)T)(-0.577-ln(u)+u-u^2/4+u^3/18.....
s is drawdown
Q is pumping rate
T is transmissivity
u=(r^2S)/(4Tt)
S is storativity |
|
|
Term
| Cooper Jacob approximation |
|
Definition
s=(Q/4(pi)T)(-0.577-ln(u)
Simplified. If u is small enough the rest of equation doesn't matter. For u to be small, radius must be small and time must be large |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Factories, wastewater treatment plants, abandoned mines, landfills, Storage Tanks |
|
|
Term
| Non-point Source Pollutants |
|
Definition
| Agriculture, Lawns/Gardens, Street refuse, Construction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shows what type of rock the aquifer is located in |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluid resistivity/conductivity and fluid temp log |
|
Definition
| Measures total dissolved solids (how conductive water is) and the temperature of the water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
How the water is flowing in the well
Slight slope indicates some flow
Flat line indicates fissure of some sort with lots of flow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constant rate of recharge straight down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Well pumping at a steady rate
Steady state of recharge |
|
|
Term
| Finite difference approx for hydraulic head |
|
Definition
| Hydraulic head=Average of the four surrounding nodes (think excel for numeric modeling) |
|
|
