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Hydroclimatology
Runoff Generation
23
Geography
Undergraduate 2
10/10/2016

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Cards

Term
Runoff
Definition
Gravity movement of water in channels
Term
What is discharge measured in?
Definition
Cumecs: m3s-1
Term
Catchment Yield
Definition
This is km-2.  Often described as mm of discharge over the catchment.
Term
River Regime
Definition
The discharge of a river in response to rainfall and other environmental factors
Term
Baseline
Definition
Minimum starting point / current conditions
Term
Hyetograph
Definition
distribution of rainfall over time
Term
Hydrograph
Definition
The discharge/time for any conduit carrying flow
Term
rainfall-runoff relationships
Definition
higher rainfall creates higher output. Although there are variables and limitations to consider. These are seasonal variations, in winter there is an increase in storage, such as snow. Land use changes etc...
Term
MIKE SHE model
Definition
integrates all hydrological variables to produce a much more accurate result.
Term
Stream flow
Definition
A spatially and temporally integrated response determined by rainfall, overland flow and throughflow
Term
Catchment flow paths
Definition
These are an accumulation of lateral inflows which vary in space and time.
Term
old water
Definition
water that's in a catchment before an event occurs. This is measured in conservative traces. EG: chloride, sulphates, natural isotopes, and total dissolved ions.
Term
Quickflow / Surface runoff
Definition
a rapid response to precipitation. Approx 10% of precipitation on the earth's surface is quickflow
Term
baseflow
Definition
water that's already in the catchment / average water over time. There's slow/no response to precipitation. Approx 24% of global precipitation
Term
Channel Precipitation
Definition
The amount of rain that falls on the channel/open area of water. This increases over an rainstorm event as the channel will become wider
Term
Hortonian Overland Flow
Definition
The key component is the rate of infiltration. The precipitation on the surface can be split between runoff or it can infiltrate. It is also known as the difference between rainfall and infiltration in a given time
Term
When hortonian occurs
Definition

When depression storage is full and run off takes place. When precipitation > than infiltration overland flow occurs. 

Vegetation increases infiltration rates - roots break up soil

Soil texture is an influence as well. 

Term
Soil
Definition
When soil's compacted, it's much denser. The infiltration rates decreases
Term
Saturation excess overland flow
Definition
Water falling on a saturated area
Term
Return Flow
Definition
Water returning to the surface from the ground
Term
Partial Contributing Areas
Definition
Also known as dynamic contributing areas, or, variable source areas. These are always dynamic and are part of the reason you get different results from rainfall in summer and winter
Term
Antecedent
Definition
Antecedent conditions are the conditions before the rainfall event has occured. If conditions are wet before event, discharge will be much higher
Term
A/S index
Definition

A - the area drained per unit contour length

S - The gradient of the slope

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