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-First five books of the Hebrew bible
-Multiple stories taken from four different sources and brought together over time to creat a composite work... significant because there are repetition or contradictions through Exodus and Genesis(creation story support this |
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| All giver; primordial woman created by Zeus to punish mankind as a way to punish Prometheus. |
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-Excellence, especially male excellence
-Virtue, personal excellence , the ability to manage ones personal affairs in ans intelligent manner so as to succeed in public life a quest for excellence , intellectual and physical , the realization of a man's trues potential.
-All stoics seek arete- mean true virtue; Presents in letters by Senecas because he is constantly telling what the highiest moral standard are |
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| (Apology) Accuses Socrates of impiety and corrupting the youth. |
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| Brought fir to making behind the gods' back and was punished for it by being tied to a rock and having birds feed on his flesh |
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-Ancient Greek poet
-author of the Theogony |
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| Documentary or four document hypothesis |
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| Similarities in the synoptic Gospels(Ma, Mk, Lk) mean the drew upon a common source Q |
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| (lit. "when on high") Babylonian "creation" story. Characters include Apsu, Tiamat, Ea, Kingu , Markduk |
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-Put on trial in Athens for sacrilege
-Escaped to Sparta and informed the Spartans of Athenian military secrets (upon hearing that Athens had condemned him to death)
-Shifted loyalties again and returned favor to Athens upon overthrow of Athenian democracy but fell out of favor again and fled to Persia
-Spartans finally ordered him killed |
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| Being too proud especially in respect to the gods , treading on the gods territory or playing god |
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-There is a form for every kind in nature
exp. Form of table, form of tree, form of dog. |
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| Plato's idea that truth exists in a realm beyond material/sensual experience-- that the phenomena we experience in the world are just imperfect reflections of essential truths that lie in a different realm. |
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| Who created the theory of forms? |
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| Wrote homo-erotic poetry. She was from Lesbos. She was a great poet and one of the most famed lyric poets in all of history. Plato called her the "tenth muse". She was probably from an aristocratic background and she wrote about passion and love |
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| Often translated as "happiness";term Aristotle used to refer to fully realized existence; State of being fully aware , vital , alert. |
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| Greek word for happiness used in Aristotle's ethics |
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| Who thought up teleology? |
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| Aristotle; belief that some people are are born to be slave(politics) |
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| An organized society such as a nation, having a specific form of government. |
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| According to Aristotle, it was the best form of govt with a mixture of oligarchy and democracy.He explains it is the type of governing body that is least susceptible to corruption. He also beliefs the contribution individuals make towards the well-being of the state should influence how they are benefited. |
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| Plato republic, each person is metal: apetite is bronze is producers (commercial workers spirit is silver: auxilieries, soldiers, show spirit. Intellect gold which is philosophers and kings, guardian class, philosophy, spirit, speed and strength. highest individuals with natural capacity to think and learn. |
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*Propaganda for the polis:
Everyone is born from the Earth, but each soul has a metal
-Bronze: working class
-Silver: soldier/guardians
-Gold: Ruler; philosopher-king
*Discourage dynasticism and nepotism. |
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| Open school where they taught public speaking skills for a fee, teacher of rhetoric (the art of persuasion public speaking) |
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| Individual Greek city-state |
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| A city state in Ancient Greece (considered ideal by Plato) |
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| The first to separate disease and supersitition |
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| Believed water to be the source of all things |
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| Primordial Chaos or(Waters of Chaos) |
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| First water, or the most ancient and archaic water. A formless oozy liquid from which life is organized. |
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| outside of oneself, in an ecstatic state. |
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Primary believe in one God, but acknowledging the existence of others
-Practiced by Pastoralists/ early Israelite ---present in many scriptures where God mentions himself being more powerful than other gods or when they served other "idol"gods |
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| In Exodus Moses is a Hebrew son raised by the Pharaoh's daughter and after encountering the burning bush he leads the Israelite to freedom--- |
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| The final destruction of Judah in 582 BCE |
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| "The study of being"--- what is there? the natural, being, mind, consciousness etc... The concept of reality, investigating what is real. Implemented by Aristotle through his concept of the union of form and substance. |
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The nature of knowledge; asks the question how do we know? if we don't know how can we find out?
Practiced by Aristotle in Politics via his observation-- he knew how because he had seen it.
-Plato practices Socratic ignorance which is the idea that "can't really know"--- must engage in dialectic to try and understand the how. |
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| Meletus has brought charges against Socrates who speaks with Euthyphro (a religious expert) and they exchange a dialogue in an attempt to answer the question "what is piety"-- utilizes Socrates dialectic (and Socratic ignorance) in an attempt to answer the question what is peity? |
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| Plato: The idea that there are things that we don't know or with not definite answers so we must search for the answer to the question---Present in Euthyphro and Crito through the questions Socrates asks well participating in the dialect. Sometimes he even states he does not know the correct answer. |
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| Plato's idea that all the forms are already "known" by the soul but forgotten at birth (the union of soul/body) but through the dialectic we can remember the truths about the forms our soul has already known. |
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| The end purpose, or goal intrinsic to the thing/person---discussed in politics and used slaves as an example. They are born and built intrinsically to become slaves while master are not master because of science but because the were born to be masters. |
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Aristotle's idea of finding the perfect balance between excessive and deficient and the idea that even good things can be bad for you.--- discussed in Politics
"...a mean condition lying b/w two forms of badness on being excessive and the other deficiency. |
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Characterized by invocation of the muse (goddesses of literature/art), catalogues (long list), epithets(quickly describes character, eg.: quick footed achiles, epic smiles and begins " in media res" (in the middle of things /action)
-Present in Aeneid-- the story begins with the attack from the Greeks on Troy (it starts in the middle of the action), it also includes long lists of things/poeple |
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| N.A false argument understood to be such by the reasoner himself and intentionally used to deceive. |
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"Man is the measure of all things" Made up of 3 characteristics:
1. Humanism- humans are attributes special, statues, privilege. they are also agnostic about the supernatural
2-Relativism- They reject objectivity
3-Rhetoric- Practiced the art of persuasion
Significant because they often stole from people and took advantages of them, sometimes giving education and school a bad reputation. |
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A classical Athenian philosopher. Questioned everyday things. Lived 470-399,
Made people think/question their beliefs. Socratic method/reasoning. Teacher of Plato. Death by drinking Hemlock (poison) |
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1-Included in Plato's Republic. It is a representation of man's perception of the world.
2-It is about prisoners trapped in a cave only with the ability to view the shadows from the outside world cast on the cave wall.
3-Once the exit the cave, they are blinded by the light
4-It was compared to a puppet show |
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| A concept in Plato's "Republic": Slave are locked in a cave and only look forward the see the shadow of a statues behind them. Since the are unable to look around them they perceive the shadows to be the real thing (imagination) until they are unchained and see the statues (belief) and finally understanding when they leave the cave. It's the idea that without education you only see what you know do you not question to learn more or the real reasoning. |
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-Goal was to live a life of virtue
-Work for common good, all society be happy
-Fate controls people lives but individual should still make the pursuit of excellence their goal
-Zeno of Citum (founder) 344-262 BCE |
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Provide much of the substance behind Seneca's advice Emphasized "cosmic determinism" (nature is directed by the divine) and "human freedom" and "natural law" (the vew that thre is universal and objective moral law that all humans know through their natural capacity to reason)
*** live in conformity with nature. |
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| Universal individual human rights; of absolute truth in all places regardless a nation or culture. |
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| The law or purpose that God has "written" naturally into the hearts, minds and bodies of men and women. |
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| Tranquility, equanimity. Peacefulness. Robust mental and emotional stability and composure. |
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| Tranquility--- significant in Seneca's letter as he discusses freedom from the anxiety of dying /death. |
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| Humans are a part of , and responsible to a single human community--- relates to Aristotle's discussion of slavery; all people mus be treated with dignity to create a worldly community of humans. |
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| Jesus not attributing acts to himself |
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| List of books considered to be authoritative scripture |
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| early christian writers who defended their faith against critics and recommended their faith to outsiders |
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| Knowledge signifies spiritual knowledge |
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| Dualistic belief in separation between material world and eternal world related to Zoroastrianism emphasis on gnosis Jesus divine no virgin birth |
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| The philosophical study of design or purpose in natural phenomena. Relates to vitalism in biology. The teleology arguments is one of the arguments for the existence of g-d( argument of design) |
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| Aristotle knowledge has it origin and justification through experience. knowledge isn't innate, your mind is a a blank slate. knowledge is gained on the basis of experiences and is learning new things' nothing is already there to re-awaken. |
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| Aristotle asserts that the best political community is one which the "middle people" are predominant. the middle class is capable of being more rational since they are neither wealth nor poor . Polity is the middle ground between democracy and oligarchy |
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| A form represents the perfect, eternal , unchanging, transcendent essence of the item in question. |
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| The sacred scriptures of the Jewish religion. |
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| Nero-Augustus' greet-great grandson |
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| Initiated Rome's 1 st persecution of Christians, public enemy of senete; Ordered Seneca to commit suicide. |
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| Stoic philosophy; state of mind where one is free from emotional ditrubances. |
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| A virtue is a good-making characteristic of thing. |
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| By 600 BCE lyric poetry ruled the ancient Greek entertainment scene. Lyric poets and their musical verse were in great demand with the public, much the way rock stars are today |
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| The Dionysia (English pronunciation: /daɪəˈnaɪ.siə/) was a large festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central events of which were the theatrical performances of dramatic tragedies and, from 487 BC, comedies. |
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| a defense especially of one's opinions, position, or actions. |
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| (Ancient Greek: Νεφέλαι Nephelai) is a comedy written by the celebrated playwright Aristophanes lampooning intellectual fashions in classical Athens. It was originally produced at the City Dionysia in |
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| (born c. 450 bc—died c. 388 bc), the greatest representative of ancient Greek comedy and the one whose works have been preserved in greatest quantity. He is the only extant representative of the Old Comedy |
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| was the most important shrine in all Greece, and in theory all Greeks respected its independence |
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| a city inhabited by people from many different countries |
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| Socratic method/dialectic |
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| (also known as method of elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate), named after the classical Greek philosopher Socrates, is a form of inquiry and discussion between individuals, based on asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to illuminate ideas. |
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| An argument (or series of arguments) using the question-and-answer method employed by Socrates in Plato's Dialogues. |
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| Oedipus was a mythical Greek king of Thebes. A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus fulfilled a prophecy that said he would kill his father, and thereby bring disaster on his city and family |
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| a quality that causes people to feel sympathy and sadness. |
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| Cosmogony, or cosmogeny, is any theory concerning the coming into existence or origin of the universe, or about how reality came to be |
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| Cosmogony, or cosmogeny, is any theory concerning the coming into existence or origin of the universe, or about how reality came to be |
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| Moral relativism may be any of several philosophical positions concerned with the differences in moral judgments across different people and cultures. |
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