Term
| What are some possible dietary causes of cancer? |
|
Definition
- low fiber
- increased red meat
- increased animal fat
- Nitrites (processed sandwich meat)
- alcohol
- preservatives and additives
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|
|
Term
| The most important risk factor of cancer is? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is primary prevention of cancer? |
|
Definition
| actionable methods to prevent cancer (smoking cessation, sunscreen) |
|
|
Term
| What is secondary prevention of cancer? |
|
Definition
| using screening to detect cancer when there is increased risk |
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|
Term
| Monthly self-breast exams should be done beginning at what age? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| At what days of the menstrual cycle are best for performing self-breast exam? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Yearly clinical breast exams should begin at what age? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How often are clinical breast exams needed between the ages of 20-39? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How often should a pap smear be done if there is no problem? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What should the pt obstain from prior to a pap smear? |
|
Definition
-douche
-sexual intercourse |
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|
Term
| A mammogram should be done yearly starting at what age? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What should the pt not put on prior to a mammogram? |
|
Definition
-lotions
-powders
-deodorant |
|
|
Term
| At what age should a colonoscopy be done? How often after that? |
|
Definition
-first at 50 yrs
-every 10 yrs after that |
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|
Term
| What does CAUTION stand for as identifying S&S of cancer? |
|
Definition
C- change in bowel/bladder habit
A- a sore throat
U- unusual bleeding/discharge
T- thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
I- indigestionor difficult swallowing
O- obvious change in wart or mole
N- nagging cough or hoarseness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extreme wasting/malnurtrition |
|
|
Term
| If cancer invades the bone marrow, what will result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| internal radiation therapy |
|
|
Term
| With unsealed internal radiation what emits radiation; pt or body fluids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is the pt radioactive with unsealed radiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With sealed or solid internal radiation does the body or fluids emit radiation? |
|
Definition
-body does
-body fluids do not |
|
|
Term
| Where is sealed or solid internal radiation placed in the body? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How often should RNs be rotated off caring for pts with internal radiation? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the maximum number of pts on radiation that a nurse should care for? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How can you prevent dislodgment of the radation implant for the pt on brachytherapy? |
|
Definition
-keep the pt on bedrest
-decrease fiber in diet
-prevent bladder distention |
|
|
Term
| How long following external radiation should the skin be protected fromt he sun? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external radiation aka beam radiation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is chemo usually given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 6 usual side effects of chemo? |
|
Definition
-alopecia
-N/V-
immunosuppresion
-anemia
-thrombocytopenia
-mucositis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of chemo that causes necrosis if extravastion occurs |
|
|
Term
| What are S&S of extravasation? |
|
Definition
| pain, swelling, no blood return |
|
|
Term
| What do you do if extravasation occurs? |
|
Definition
-stop infusion
-ice pack (vasoconstriction stops spread) |
|
|
Term
| What are 9 risk factors for cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
-HPV (number 1)
-repeated STDs
-multiple sex partners
-smoking
-nutritional deficiencies
-prolonged hormonal therapy
-family history
-immunosuppression
-sex at a young age and multiple pregnancies |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 S&S with cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
-painless vaginal bleeding
-pelvic pain (may occur with intercourse)
-sciatic nerve pain
-flank/back pain |
|
|
Term
| How is cervical cancer diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 risk factors for uterine cancer? |
|
Definition
-greater than 50 yrs age
-estrogen therapy without progesterone
-family history
-late menopause
-no pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 S&S of uterine cancer? |
|
Definition
-postmenopausal bleeding
-low back/abd pain
-pelvic pain |
|
|
Term
| What is the most definitive test for uterine cancer? |
|
Definition
| D&C with endometrial biopsy |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for uterine cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removal of the falopian tubes |
|
|
Term
| Immediately following a radical hysterectomy for how long is the pt at the greatest risk of hemmorrhage? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What 3 things would the nurse do in the event of dehiscence or evisceration? |
|
Definition
-stay with the pt
-DO NOT APPLY PRESSURE
-cover with saline dressing |
|
|
Term
| Why do we avoid high fowler's positioning with hysterectomy pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 7 S&S of lung cancer? |
|
Definition
-hemoptysis
-dyspnea
-hoarseness
-cough
-chance in endurance
-chest pain
-pleuritic pain with inspiration |
|
|
Term
| How long is the pt NPO post bronchoscopy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is the best time to obtain a sputum culture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is a sputum culture considered sterile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should the client do prior to producing a sputum culture? |
|
Definition
rinse their mouth out with water
(trying to decrease bacterial count) |
|
|
Term
| What 5 tests are used to diagnose lung cancer? |
|
Definition
-bronchoscopy
-sputum specimen
-CXR
-CT
-MRI |
|
|
Term
| What is the main treatment for stage I and II lung cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the pt positioned s/p lobectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the pt positioned s/p pneumonectomy? |
|
Definition
| affected side down (good lung up) |
|
|
Term
| Are chest tubes used s/p pneumonectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be caused if the pt is placed too laterally s/p pneumonectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A total laryngectomy is the surgery of choice for laryngeal cancer. What is removed? |
|
Definition
-vocal cords
-epiglottis
-thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Since the epiglottis is removed what will the pt require for the rest of their life? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How would you position the pt s/p laryngectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are pts s/p laryngectomy feed through an NG tube? |
|
Definition
| to protect the suture line |
|
|
Term
| What special consideration does the nurse need to monitor s/p laryngectomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a Blom-Singer device? |
|
Definition
| is a hand held electrolarynx held to the client's cheek or neck that allows for speech s/p laryngectomy |
|
|
Term
| Out of these 3 activities (swimming, smoking, whistling) can the person with a total laryngectomy perform? |
|
Definition
| smoking; though it is highly discouraged |
|
|
Term
| What two ways does the nurse know to stop advancing the suction when suctioning a trach? |
|
Definition
-when resistance is met
-when the pt coughs |
|
|
Term
| What is the maximum amount of time you can perform suctioning in a single pass? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE MAJOR CONCERN FOR PEOPLE WITH LIVER PROBLEMS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the definitive test for colorectal cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what 3 situations should you not take a rectal temp? |
|
Definition
-thrombocytopenic
-abdominoperineal resection
-immunosuppressed |
|
|
Term
| What is the major sign of bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
| painless, intermittent hematuria |
|
|
Term
| What should fluid intake be for the client with bladder cancer? |
|
Definition
| increased (2,000-3,000mL daily) |
|
|
Term
| What time of the day should you change the bag of a ileostomy? |
|
Definition
| in the morning; this is when output is lowest |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common sign of prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aside from painless hematuria, what are 6 S&S of prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
-hesitancy
-frequency
-frequent infections
-nocturia
-urgency
-dribbling |
|
|
Term
| What is the condition of the prostate if cancer is present? |
|
Definition
| prostate will be hard/nodular |
|
|
Term
| What lab indicates prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
an elevated PSA
-this is a blood test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prostate-specific antigen
-it is only produced by the prostate |
|
|
Term
| An increase in what two labs indicate bone metastasis of cancer? |
|
Definition
-alkaline phosphatase
-acid phosphatase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TURP - transurethral resection of the prostate |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common complication of a TURP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is bleeding normal s/p TURP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What maintains patency following a prostatectomy? |
|
Definition
| continuous bladder irrigation with a 3-way catheter |
|
|
Term
| Is bladder irrigant from a 3 way catheter subtracted from output? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 drugs given for bladder spasms? |
|
Definition
-Belladonna and Opium Suppository (B&O suppository
-Oxybutynin (Ditropan |
|
|
Term
| Is it ok to irrigate a catheter right after surgery? |
|
Definition
| no; not without a physician order |
|
|
Term
| What do you watch for following removal of a foley? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the TURP a cure for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatments are aimed at doing what to testosterone levels and what to estrogen levels for the pt with prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
-decrease testosterone
-increase estrogen |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria is associated with stomach cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most common S&S associated with stomach cancer? |
|
Definition
-heart burn
-abd discomfort |
|
|
Term
| Dumping syndrome is a complication of gastrectomy, what is dumping syndrome? |
|
Definition
| occurs when the undigested contents of your stomach move too rapidly into your small bowel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loss of pleasure in normally pleasurable things |
|
|
Term
| How is a pt's weight affected with mild depression? With severe depression? |
|
Definition
-gain (mild)
-loss (severe) |
|
|
Term
| As depression lifts, what happens to the risk for suicide of the severely depressed pt? |
|
Definition
| increases d/t increased energy |
|
|
Term
| What are the sleep patterns of a mildly and severely depressed pt? |
|
Definition
-hypersomnia (mild)
-insomnia (severe) |
|
|
Term
| Manic pts often have delusions, what is a delusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the nurse handle the delusions of the manic pt? |
|
Definition
| let the pt know you accept that he/she needs the belief, but you do not believe it |
|
|
Term
| How would the nurse approach setting limits for the manic pt? |
|
Definition
| -set limits and be consistent |
|
|
Term
| What are 7 interventions for the manic pt? |
|
Definition
-decrease stimuli
-limit group activities
-they feel most secure in 1-on-1 relationships
-stay with pt if anxiety increases
-structured schedule
-keep visits brief
-daily weights |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeat a word that is heard |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are schizophrenic pts concrete or abstract thinkers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 5 interventions for the schizophrenic pt? |
|
Definition
-decrease stimuli
-observe frequently w/out looking suspicious
-orient frequently
-keep conversations reality based
-make sure personal needs are met |
|
|
Term
| Are direct, closed ended statements appropriate with schizophrenic pts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How often do you check restraints? |
|
Definition
| every 15 mins; hydration, nutrition, elimination |
|
|
Term
| How often must you observe the pt in restraints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long should visits be with the paranoid pt? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are ways to avoid suspicious behavior around the paranoid pt? |
|
Definition
-no whispering
-don't mix meds
-sealed foods
-ID meds |
|
|
Term
| When does anxiety become a disorder? |
|
Definition
| when it interferes with ADLs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 types of medicines are used with OCD? |
|
Definition
|
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