Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Hunger Games Day 8 ART!
Hunger Games Day 8 ART!
100
History
12th Grade
05/04/2012
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional History Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
______________ the title of a book by Thomas More, has come to mean an ideal place.
 Definition
Utopia
Term
The Renaissance in northern Europe lagged behind the Renaissance in Italy because of the ____________.
 Definition
Hundred Years' War
Term
When _________ fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453, scholars fled to Rome with ancient Greek manuscripts.
 Definition
Constantinople
Term
The Act of Supremacy was passed during the reign of _________________________
 Definition
Henry VIII
Term
To set aside a marriage as having not been legal is to _______ the marriage.
 Definition
annul
Term
The name Anabaptist is from the Greek for______________________
 Definition
baptize again
Term
In England, the king was declared to be the head of the _______________ .
 Definition
Anglican Church
Term
In the West, he was called Othman, and his followers were known as Ottomans.
 Definition
Osman
Term
He was a warrior who became an able ruler. He turned the Hagia Sophia into a mosque and changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul, and earned the title "the Conqueror" by leading the Ottomans in conquering Constantinople.
 Definition
Mehmed II
Term
In the 15th century, this warrior and conqueror from Samarkand in Central Asia briefly interrupted the rise of the Ottoman Empire, and conquered Russia, Persia, and northern India. He died on his way to conquer China.
 Definition
Timur
Term
He captured Mecca and Medina, the holiest cities of Islam, and Cairo, the intellectual center of the Muslim world. He also expanded the Ottoman Empire into Syria, Palestine, and North Africa.
 Definition
Selim the Grim
Term
As the first Ottoman leader, he built a small state in Anatolia that his successors would expand. He died not realizing that his conquests marked the birth of one of history's largest and longest-lived empires.
 Definition
Osman
Term
As a military leader, he expanded the Ottoman Empire into Central Europe, North Africa, and Central Asia. As a political leader, he streamlined the government bureaucracy, simplified the system of taxation, and revamped the laws of the empire. And the Ottoman Empire reached its peak size and grandeur during his reign, and he was known both as "the Lawgiver" and as "the Magnificent."
 Definition
Suleyman I
Term
Philip II of Spain lived within the walls of his gray, granite palace called. ____________
 Definition
the Escorial
Term
The __________ Armada was defeated in 1588 by stormy weather and the English navy.
 Definition
Spanish
Term
During the 1600s, the ________gradually replaced the Italians as the bankers of Europe.
 Definition
Dutch
Term
The republic formed by the United Provinces of __________was an unusual type of government for 16th-century Europe.
 Definition
the Netherlands
Term
In his novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha, ______wrote about a poor Spanish nobleman who chases after windmills.
 Definition
Miguel de Cervantes
Term
What is an absolute monarch?
 Definition
An absolute monarch is a king or queen who claims the authority to rule without limits.
Term
Philip II believed it was his duty to defend ____________ from its enemies in Europe and the Ottoman Empire.
 Definition
Catholicism
Term
__________failed to develop a middle class in the 1500s because the tax burden on the lower classes prevented their ability to begin businesses.
 Definition
Spain
Term
was known as the Sun King.
 Definition
Louis XIV
Term
__________became first king of the Bourbon dynasty.
 Definition
Henry IV (Henry of Navarre)
Term
_______is the magnificent palace built for Louis XIV.
 Definition
Versailles
Term
________was a Protestant prince who became a Catholic king.
 Definition
Henry IV (Henry of Navarre)
Term
______was a writer who became a skeptic and developed the essay form.
 Definition
Michel de Montaigne
Term
________were government agents who collected taxes and administered justice.
 Definition
intendants
Term
__________was the conflict that was waged to prevent the union of the French and Spanish thrones.
 Definition
War of the Spanish Succession
Term
fought against Catholics in eight wars in France between 1562 and 1598.
 Definition
Huguenots
Term
was the king who increased the power of the intendants at the expense of the nobility.
 Definition
Louis XIV
Term
was a declaration of religious tolerance issued by Henry IV and canceled by Louis XIV.
 Definition
Edict of Nantes
Term
was the minister to Louis XIV whose policies drove nobles to rebel against the boy king.
 Definition
Cardinal Mazarin
Term
was the minister of finance under Louis XIV whose policies of mercantilism caused France's economy to grow and prosper.
 Definition
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Term
was the minister to Louis XIII who took steps to strengthen the power of the monarchy at the expense of the Huguenots and the nobility.
 Definition
Cardinal Richelieu
Term
How did religious and political turmoil in France encourage absolutism? How did it encourage skepticism?
 Definition
Absolutism: the people came to prefer a strong monarch who could keep the peace;; fed up with rebellious nobles, monarchs and their advisors adopted policies that severely weakened the nobility and made them more dependent on the monarch.
Term
This began when Charles II took the throne.
 Definition
Restoration
Term
This king of England lost the English Civil War and then was tried and then put to death.
 Definition
Charles I
Term
This Catholic king of England was replaced by William and Mary.
 Definition
James II
Term
Parliament's financial power was an obstacle to this type of government.
 Definition
absolute monarchy
Term
This Puritan leader abolished the monarchy and ruled as a military dictator and ruled England after the end of the English Civil War.
 Definition
Oliver Cromwell
Term
This document made clear the limits on royal power after the Glorious Revolution.
 Definition
Bill of Rights
Term
This king of England came to power as a result of the Glorious Revolution.
 Definition
William
Term
This king of Scotland inherited Elizabeth I's throne as well as her conflicts with Parliament.
 Definition
James I
Term
This prevented monarchs from jailing people for purely political reasons and from indefinitely holding prisoners without trial.
 Definition
habeas corpus
Term
This was adopted to prevent disagreements between the monarchy and Parliament from bringing government to a standstill.
 Definition
cabinet system
Term
What were some of the most important political changes that resulted from the Glorious Revolution?
 Definition
Absolute monarchy came to a permanent end.
Term
Food production increased after about the year 800 when peasants adopted the _________ system of farming.
 Definition
three-field
Term
Thomas Aquinas is known for scholarly work that combined Christian belief with the ideas of the best thinkers of ancient _______________.
 Definition
Greece
Term
______________ wrote The Canterbury Tales, which describes a pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas à Becket, around 1387 in English.
 Definition
Geoffrey Chaucer
Term
Identify at least three ways in which medieval Europe was affected by improved agricultural practices. Why did improved farming techniques have these effects?
 Definition
The population of Europe increased dramatically. This occurred because improved farming techniques resulted in a greater food supply and a healthier diet, which helped people live longer and feed greater numbers of children. The number of towns and the populations of towns and cities grew. This occurred because improved farming techniques resulted in a greater food supply, which, in turn, encouraged a population explosion. Europe's forests disappeared. This occurred because improved farming techniques allowed more land to be tilled than ever before, which encouraged farmers to clear forests for more farmland.
Term
The Church was weakened when Pope Clement V began the practice of locating the pope's residence in ______.
 Definition
Avignon
Term
The Great Schism involved a dispute over who was the one true _____________.
 Definition
pope
Term
The bubonic plague killed approximately ______of the population of Europe.
 Definition
one third
Term
The scholar John Wycliff preached that _________is the true head of the Church.
 Definition
Jesus Christ
Term
The French troops who broke the siege of Orléans were led into battle by __________.
 Definition
Joan of Arc
Term
___________ was burned at the stake as a heretic for teaching that the Bible had greater authority than the pope.
 Definition
John Huss
Term
The most effective fighters at the battles of Crécy, Poitiers, and Agincourt, were the__________.
 Definition
English longbowmen
Term
When Pope Boniface VIII declared that monarchs must always obey popes, King Philip IV of France had the pope __________.
 Definition
imprisoned
Term
What were the main causes of the 100 Years’ War?
 Definition
Causes: the lack of a clear heir to the French throne after the death of the last Capetian king
a dispute over the rightful heir to the French throne, the willingness of England's Edward II to attack France in order to win the throne for himself.
Term
What were the main effects of the Hundred Years' War?
 Definition
Effects: Thousands of people died. The Age of Chivalry, the Age of Faith, and the Middle Ages came to an end. Chivalric warfare and the mounted, heavily-armored knight became outmoded. The English were driven out of most of France. The power and prestige of the French monarch increased. The English and French gained a sense of nationalism. The English Parliament was strengthened.
Term
Since the Renaissance, European contact with the rest of the world has gone through four stages. Those stages are:
 Definition
exploration, conquest, and settlement or commercial expansion;
Term
The 19th-century empires were based on formally ________ labor though they still involved much harsh treatment of non-white indigenous populations.
 Definition
free
Term
The heart of the 18th-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in the:
 Definition
West Indies.
Term
If comparing Spain and England's colonial rule, one can equate the imperial reforms of Charles II to the:
 Definition
)new colonial measures the British government undertook after 1763.
Term
Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in:
 Definition
ortuguese areas.
Term
A vast increase in the number of Africans brought as slaves to the Americas occurred during the 18th century, with most arriving in:
 Definition
the Caribbean or Brazil.
Term
The ________ wars originated in a dispute over succession to the throne in the late 17th century and continued into the 18th century.
 Definition
Kongo
Term
The Truman Doctrine was initiated in response to Soviet pressure on what countries?
 Definition
Greece and Turkey
Term
The purpose of Stalin's Cominform group was to:
 Definition
spread communism throughout the world.
Term
The United States wanted German industry in the western zone to be left intact because:
 Definition
that was what the Soviets had done in the eastern zone.
Term
The creation of a Jewish state:
 Definition
intensified Cold War conflicts.
Term
What did the Suez intervention of 1956 prove?
 Definition
that the nations of Western Europe could not impose their will on the world without the support of the United States
Term
ungarian leader Imre Nagy:
 Definition
sought to make Hungary independent from the Soviet Union.
Term
What caused Khrushchev's absence at the Paris Summit Conference?
 Definition
Eisenhower's refusal to apologize for the U.S. surveillance of the Soviet Union
Term
In 1957 Fidel Castro took power in Cuba, removing the dictator ________.
 Definition
Flugencio Batista
Term
n the Brezhnev Doctrine, the Soviet Union:
 Definition
gave itself the right to interfere in the affairs of other communist countries.
Term
The Helsinki Accords:
 Definition
represented a step forward in recognizing human rights in Eastern Europe.
Term
What event marked the beginning of Algerian nationalism?
 Definition
the conflict at Saccent(e)tif between Muslims and French settlers
Term
What event caused the United States to dramatically change its outlook on the situation in Indochina?
 Definition
the establishment of the People's Republic of China
Term
In modern Europe city dwellers make up about what percentage of Europe's population?
 Definition
75
Term
What was one of the main aims of the National Liberation Front in Vietnam?
 Definition
to overthrow Diem.
Term
Vietnamization involved:
 Definition
he gradual withdrawal of U.S. troops from Vietnam.
Term
Mikhail Gorbachev's economic policies could be characterized as:
 Definition
a failure.
Term
Revolution in Czechoslovakia was led by:
 Definition
Vaccent(a)clev Havel.
Term
In early 1991, Gorbachev began a strategic retreat from in reform in response to opposition from:
 Definition
a group, including Boris Yeltsin, that wanted rapid democracy.
Term
The final big event preceding Gorbachev's exit from Soviet political life was the:
 Definition
29)attempted coup in 1991.
Term
Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Commonwealth of Independent States formed to loosely join how many of the 15 resulting republics?
 Definition
11
Term
The killing of 330 hostages from an elementary school in Belsan was a result of:
 Definition
the Chechen war.
Term
Brezhnev's two immediate successors were Yuri Andropov and ________.
 Definition
Konstantin Chernenko
Term
Which of the following came first in the breakup of Yugoslavia?
 Definition
war in Bosnia
Term
Serbian leader ________ was finally removed from power in 2000.
 Definition
Slobodan Milosevic
Term
Madrasas are:
 Definition
Islamic religious schools.
Term
What is the most accurate term for the belief that a pure Islam must be established in the contemporary world?
 Definition
reformism
Term
The literal meaning of the Muslim term ________ is "a struggle."
 Definition
jihad
Term
In 2004, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Hungary were added to ________.
 Definition
NATO
Term
Between 1945 and 1960, approximately ________ Europeans left Europe each year.
 Definition
500000
Term
Decolonization in the postwar period:
 Definition
led many European colonials to return to Europe from overseas.
Term
The growing ________ presence in Europe has produced some of the most serious ethnic and political tensions in recent history.
 Definition
Muslim
Term
Along with the increase of female participation in Europe's labor force has come a(n):
 Definition
decline in the birthrate.
Term
These nations remained dictatorships until the mid-1970s:
 Definition
Spain and Portugal.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!