Term
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Definition
| ~60% of total body wt, 2/3 is intracellular, 1/3 is extracellular (plasma, interstitial fluid, lymph, transcellular fluid) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3.7L for men, 2.7L for women, |
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Term
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Definition
| urine-1400mL, sweat-100mL, feces-200mL, insensible losses-600mL, total 2.3L |
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Term
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Definition
| anions & cations in fluid, electrical neutrality always maintained, principal electrolytes: Na, K, Cl |
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Term
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Definition
| NaCl major form (40% Na, 60% Cl) accounts for 75% consumed, other sources: milk, eggs, meat, vegetables |
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Term
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Definition
| salt intake influenced by salt appetite |
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Term
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Definition
| all Na is absorbed in small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| high blood Na causes decresed aldosterone & renin, increased urine excretion, Hypothalamus releases ADH and causes increase thirst and fluid intake, and increased water reabsorption |
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Term
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Definition
| Major extracellular cation, extracellular-142 mEq/L (~50%), intracellular 10 mEq/L (~10%), skeleton has other 40% |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane transport (glucose symport), nerve cells, muscle cells, water balance |
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Term
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Definition
| hyponatremia, plasma concentration <135 mEq/L, hypovolemia, lethargy, confusion, weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| diuretics, diseases causing renal tubule damage, Addison's disease, chronic vomitting/diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| hypernatremia, plasma conc >150mEq/L, hypervolemia, hypertension, convulsions, delirium, coma |
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Term
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Definition
| dehydration, hyperaldosteronemia, renal failure |
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Term
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Definition
| 1500 mg/d 19-50 yo, 1300 mg/d 51-70 yo, 1200 mg/d 71+ yo |
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Term
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Definition
| UL-2300 mg/d, avg American intake- 3100-4700 mg/d men & 2300-3100 mg/d |
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Term
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Definition
| fruit, vegetables, food additives, KCl, water soluble (cooking losses) |
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Term
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Definition
| 245g for ~70 kg adult, intracellular cation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Intracellular Na/K 1:10, extracellular Na/K 28:1 |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood K+, blood pH & acid/base balance, protein & glycogen synthesis, membrane/action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| hypokalemia-rarely diet related, diuretic therapy, hyperaldosteronism, vomiting/diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
| hyperkalemia, blood K+ >5 mmol/L, muscular coordination, cardiac arrest, impaired renal function, K+ supplementation, elderly |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid loss>fluid intake, moderate exercise 0.5-1.5 L/hr sweat loss, varies according to intensity of exercise & weather |
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Term
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Definition
| nausea, dizziness, heat stroke, lethargy, dark urine, heat exhaustion |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased blood flow->decreased blood flow to skin->slower sweating rate->increased core temp->increased HR, but decreased CO->premature fatigue-> |
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Term
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Definition
| 5g loss Na, 7 g loss Cl, .2-.8g loss K, generally lose more fluid than electrolyte during exercise |
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Term
| fluid & electrolyte loss on performance |
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Definition
| impairs exercise, decrease in power output & endurance levels, worse if fluid loss >2% BW, varies in climate |
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Term
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Definition
| provide protection against heat stress by increase sweating minimizing core temp increase |
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Term
| rehydration during exercise |
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Definition
| increases blood flow to skin, results in more effective cooling |
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