Term
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Definition
| 3+ and 6+ most common, Cr3+ is most important for humans |
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Term
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Definition
| brewers yeast, certain beers, meat, poultry, nuts, whole grain cereal |
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Term
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Definition
Milling and refining decreases Cr
Stainless steel and acidic food increase Cr |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily absorbed in jejunum(may be carrier mediated), 1-3% absorbed(form influences), Vitamin C & ligands increase absorption, inorganic Cr absorption decreased in alkaline/neutral environments |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily bound to transferrin, may bind to albumin if no transferrin, high Cr in globulins/lipoproteins (4-6 mg in body pool) |
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Term
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Definition
| Potentiates action of insulin to improve glucose tolerance, 2 proposed mechanisms: glucose tolerance factor & chromodulin |
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Term
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Definition
| GTF initiates disulfide bonding between insulin and insulin receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Transferrin delivers Cr3+ to cell TfR, 4 Cr3+ bind to chromodulin in cell to make holochromodulin, holochromodulin binds to B subunit of insulin receptor to keep it in its active conformation |
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Term
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Definition
Insulin sensitivity: possibly increases, but not proven
Diabetes: ADA does not recommend b/c no substantial evidence to support
Lean Body Mass: has no effect on energy metabolism, wt loss, or muscle mass gain |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced glucose tolerance, decreased glycogen stores, retarded growth, disturbed amino acid metabolism, increased incidence of aortic wall damage |
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Term
| Chromium recommended intakes |
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Definition
35 mcg/d men
25 mcg/d women |
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Term
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Definition
| no Cr toxicity from food alone, 200 mcg UL set for Cr supplements, Cr toxicicty from industrial contamination (airborne Cr6+) |
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Term
| Industrial Chromium toxicity symptoms |
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Definition
| allergic dermatitis, skin lesions, and increased incidence of lung cancer |
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