Term
What is a continental Island?
What is a pangea Island?
What is an oceanic island? |
|
Definition
i. Connected to mainlain at one point, sea level changed in isolation. Indonesia, New Guinea, Trinidad
-Pangea: Madagascar, New Zealand, New Caladonia; Broke off about 50 mya throughtectonic activity.
-Oceanic: Volcano or coral island, hawaii, tahiti, easter islands, bahamas; highest endemism. |
|
|
Term
| Salinity gradients in different areas: tropics, subtropics; Why? |
|
Definition
-Oceans are salt(3.5%), it comes from land!
-Low salt in tropics(more freshwater rain)
-High salt in subtropics(less rain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HA-LE-MADA! singing when on white sand beaches; they are biological beaches made from "Biogenic sources" like coral and mollusk. |
|
|
Term
| Wave terms: Swell, rip current, long shore current, Crest/Trough, Breakers, Glassy, blown out |
|
Definition
Swell- long wave generated from distant storm, uneffected by winds, usually smooth and not choppy.
Rip current: water that moves perpendicular to beach
Longshore current: water moves parallel to beach
Crest/Trough: crest is top of wave, trough is bottom sink(5ft difference), doubles when reaches beach.
Breakers- Waves hit shllow water(swash/foam zone)
Glassy-no wind
Blown out-windy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beach break- breaks directly on beach
Reef break- Creates swell from water hitting object in water and forced up.
Point Break- Waves break on uneven line of coast |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 major types of reefs? |
|
Definition
Fringe: near shore
Patch: occurs in lagoon
Barrier:Offshore, as you go out, reef will build up then drop off, peak of reef build up called forreef. |
|
|
Term
| 4 Steps to reef formation over time |
|
Definition
-Island volcanoes form and fringe reegs develop around it
-forms into barrier reef as it erodes
-atoll forms when further eroded
-seamount all thats left w/o volcano surfacing at all |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for reef formation |
|
Definition
-between 30 N/S
-65-91 degree farenheit
-clear water
-shallow w/in 20 meters |
|
|
Term
| What is the global coral cover? |
|
Definition
-109,000 sq mils to 360k sq miles
-1/2 size of france
-les than 0.1%, but 25% of diversity
-Color correlation: multicolor alive, white dead, green= dead w/ algae |
|
|
Term
| What are the countries w/ greatest length of coral reef? |
|
Definition
-Phillipines(22,450lkm- 50% alive,10% good condition)
-Indonesia
-Figi
-Micronesia
-Caribbean has 67 different species; Indo-pacific has 450! |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the algae in coral? |
|
Definition
| ZOOXANTHELLAE- yellow & brown algae |
|
|
Term
What is the classification hierarchy?
-King phillip came over for ginger snaps! |
|
Definition
| -Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Phylum for jellyfish, coral, sea anenamae |
|
|
Term
| What is the class hydrozoa? anthozoa? scyphozoa? |
|
Definition
All under the phylum Nederia(cnidarians)
-Anthozoa: represents sea anemones, coral
-Hydrozoa:Fire coral!
-Scyphozoa: Jellyfish |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 major types of coral and what is their characteristics? |
|
Definition
-Soft coral(Octocorallia): sea fans/sea whips: Soft stuff called GORGONIN, 8 TENTACLES, POLYLPS OUT IN DAYTIME
-Hard coral(scleractinia): Secrete calcium carbonate, 6 tentacles, never 8!, COME OUT AT NIGHT |
|
|
Term
| What is this coral? http://coralpedia.bio.warwick.ac.uk/images/Acropora%20cervicornis01.JPG |
|
Definition
| acropora coral: staghorn or elk horn looking coral |
|
|
Term
| what is this coral? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ac/Porites_porites_French_Bay.jpg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is this coral? http://cdn2.arkive.org/media/B2/B22852F3-62FA-4977-97D6-59A0F018464B/Presentation.Large/Montastrea-coral-Montastrea-salebrosa.jpg |
|
Definition
| Montastrea coral! think "monster", boulder sized, some have annual rings like trees that can be dated back and see nutrient flushes. |
|
|
Term
| What coral is this? http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts?u=/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Brain_coral.jpg/113px-Brain_coral.jpg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What coral is this? http://www.naturephoto-cz.eu/pic/sevcik/millepora-dichotoma--millepora_dichotoma.jpg |
|
Definition
| Millepora coral: Fire coral, YELLOWISH! |
|
|
Term
| What are the ecosystem services provided by coral and what are the costs in money? |
|
Definition
-$375 Billion
-Buffers land(reduces effect of storms)
-Food & subsistence: 60% of humans live 10km to beach.
-Tourism! |
|
|
Term
| What is the current state of coral in & what are causes of coral loss/degradation? |
|
Definition
-1/10 destroyed, 1/3 degraded & by 2050 3/4 will be degraded!
-Causes include
Coral bleaching: raised temperature kills polyps, also UV rays/salinity, EL NINO(1998- killed 16%)
Sediment runoff- cut a forest, soil exposed, buries coral
Fishing- Dynamite & cyanide! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Single plant cell, very small, cover coral
-75% of biomass of coral is plant |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 types of algae and where are they found? |
|
Definition
-SARGASSUM: Brown algae, free floating in water, live in ocean deserts!
-CORALLINE: Green algae, create white sand beaches from calcium carbonate(hadimeda species) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Not seaweed, which are algae.
-Land plants that re-colonized oceans, submerged vegetation w/ air stems
-Need clear/shallow water! |
|
|
Term
| What are the phylum porifera? |
|
Definition
Sponges:
-least complex organism
-Ancient: 450 mya
-relationship w/ blue-green algae
-filter feeders
-10,000 species |
|
|
Term
| What are the phylum annelida? |
|
Definition
WORMS!
-ex. christmas tree and feather dusters |
|
|
Term
| What are the phylum Mollusca and what are the classes w/in? |
|
Definition
MOLLUSKS
-underbelly called mantle
-secrete shell
-long ribbon or tounge
-7 classes: Chitons, gastropods("Means foodfoot"-Conches), Bivalve(clam/oyster), cephalopods(Squid-similar eye to human; change color to match background), Arthropods(Crustaceans) |
|
|
Term
| what is this? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tonicella-lineata.jpg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Class Crustacea
-Calcium carbonate exoskeleton, MOLTS
-most have 10 legs
-85% change sex as they age
-Types: Shrimp(clean fish), Lobster(nocturnal), hermit crabs(crab w/ tail, swap out shells) |
|
|
Term
| what are the classes of the phylum echino dermato? |
|
Definition
-Starfish: radial symmetry, slow, regenerate
-Britte star: no regenerate, flexible/fast
-Urchins: algae grazers, spiny
-sea cucumber: no symmetry |
|
|
Term
| What is this? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/Bluebell_tunicates_Nick_Hobgood.jpg |
|
Definition
-sea squirt
-Ancestral vertebrate where we get our spines. |
|
|
Term
| What are the fish species biodiversity of the marine, reef, caribbean and key west? |
|
Definition
-Marine: 12k
-Reef: 7k
-Caribbean-1.5k
-Key west- 400, snorkel for 2hrs and see 50 species. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 classes of fish to know? |
|
Definition
-Agnatha: jawless, lamprey(attach to other fish)
-Chondrichthyes: cartilaginous, shark/rays, primitive
-Osteichythyes: boney fish, advanced. |
|
|
Term
| how many orders and families make up reef fish? caribbean? |
|
Definition
-43 orders, 211 families for reef
-20 orders, 60 families for Caribbean
-10 main families to know! |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? what is it's size/shape/diet? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Pomacanthus_paru3.jpg/668px-Pomacanthus_paru3.jpg |
|
Definition
-Angelfish or POMACANTHIDAE!
-shape:flat
-size: large
-Eats: SPONGES, INVERTEBRATES, TEETH FOR HUNTING! |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? what is it's size/shape/diet? http://www.bluezooaquatics.com/images/products/Fish/large/chaetodon_auriga.jpg |
|
Definition
-Butterfly fish or CHAETONTIDAE
-Shape: flat, strips, spot
-Size: smaller than angelfish
-Eat: LIVE CORAL! |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? size? shape? diet? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d7/Epinephelus_marginatus.png & http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Juwelen-Fahnenbarsch_Pseudanthias_squamipinnis_0511173_Weibc.jpg |
|
Definition
-Grouper, Basslet, Anthias, SERRANIDAE
-Shape: elongated, beak, colorful, look angry
-size: varies: 400kilos or tiny
-EAT: They're predators, eat other fish! |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? size/shape/diet? http://images.stanzapub.com/readers/2008/09/05/313599_0.jpg |
|
Definition
-Parrot fish or SCARIDAE
-Shape: elongated, beak, colorful
-size: BIG
-EAT: Algae, Coral |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? Size/shape/diet? http://www.aquariumindia.com/gallery/live_fishes/lf_042.jpg & http://www.itsnature.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/3199976332_bf203b420c.jpg |
|
Definition
-Wrasses or LABRIDAE
-Shape: small, colorful, beak-like teeth
-Size: small
-Diet: invertebrates, urchins |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? Shape/size/diet? http://www.azreef.com/images/image064.jpg & http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Acanthurussohal-ArabischerDoktor.jpg/800px-Acanthurussohal-ArabischerDoktor.jpg |
|
Definition
-Surgeonfish, doctorfish, tangs or ACANTHURIDAE
-Shape: super flat, scalpel on tail, strips and spots
-size: small
-Eat: ALGAE |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? shape/size/diet? http://animal-world.com/encyclo/marine/clowns/images/TruePerculaWMC1P581.jpg & http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.aquariumindia.com/gallery/live_fishes/lf_007.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.aquariumindia.com/live_fishes_05.html&usg=__5Gtzb0THE6u19tzGGfCsP7N4V1w=&h=400&w=580&sz=201&hl=en&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=uV8LhOJB1oWHHM:&tbnh=146&tbnw=165&ei=GausTZzjDIu6sQPFj5HWCQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dpomacentridae%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DcPH%26sa%3DX%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1094%26bih%3D793%26tbm%3Disch0%2C833&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=428&vpy=441&dur=830&hovh=159&hovw=231&tx=137&ty=133&oei=zKqsTd-MJoP6sAPdmPG-CQ&page=2&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:16,s:19&biw=1094&bih=793 |
|
Definition
-Damselfish or POMACENTRIDAE
-Shape: average looking fish, color dull except clown fish
-Size: small
-Eat: plankton, extremely territorial |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? Shape/size/diet? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Pterapogon_kauderni.jpg/240px-Pterapogon_kauderni.jpg & http://www.aquariumslife.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/apogonmaculatus.jpg |
|
Definition
-Cardinalfish or APOGONIDAE, the nocturnal counterpart of damsel fish, BIG EYES
-Shape: 2 dorsal fins, color is usually red
-Size: small
-Eat: shrimp, crabs, has TEETH, is a predator |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? shape/size/diet? http://c0499862.cdn.cloudfiles.rackspacecloud.com/Meiacanthus_atrodorsalis-493931.jpg & http://www.qualitymarine.com/dynamic/images/964.jpg |
|
Definition
-Blennies or BLENNIDAE
-Shape: long w/ continuous fin
-Size: very small |
|
|
Term
| What is this fish? Shape/size/diet? http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/Goruppa/Goruppa1011/Goruppa101100044/8335029-one-of-the-largest-gobiidae-reservoirs--gobiidae-a-whip-lives-in-black-sea-and-his-its-numerous-estu.jpg & http://www.nevillecoleman.com.au/media/225663/gobiidae%20cryptocentrus%20cinctus%20loloata%20isl.%20png.jpg |
|
Definition
-Goby or GOBIDAE
-shape: NO CONTINUOUS FIN
-Size: Very small |
|
|
Term
| Sea turtle facts, phlyum, class. |
|
Definition
-Phylum: Cordata, class Reptilia
-Have not changed in 150 millon yrs
-Green sea turtle, hawksbill, Leatherback(HUGE)
-Threats: Shrimp Fishing bycatch, lose beaches for laying eggs to development; lights are mistaken as stars by baby turtles, plastic bags mistaken as jellyfish. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-real world mermaids
-4 species: dugong, west indian, amazon,& african manatee
-migrate based on temp, found in florida near nuclear power plant
-threats: habitat destruction, pollution(kills seagrass beds 50% lost in florida alone), boats hitting manatees. |
|
|
