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a technique that involves pieces of wood, ivory or stone of the same thickness carefully cut so that they fit together into a design without gaps, with the pieces set into a solid background. The effect is mosaic-like, and uses the patterns of the materials to create realistic effects within pictures.

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the process of painting with pigments that are bound with a medium of drying oil. It is characterized by dramatic use of high intensities to spotlight principal figures and deeper shadow for subordinate ones, subtle modeling of figures, and softness of contours.

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a type of theater with no format which is commonly used for experimental theater performances.

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an outdoor theater space using the earth as the stage floor and the sky as the rooftop. The dance area is circular in shape, resembling a large doughnut. The middle of the donut is the area where the dancer performs; the outer rim provides protection for the audience.

facade

or façade

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one side of the exterior of a building. The word comes from the French language, literally meaning "frontage" or "face". The facade of a building is often the most important from a design standpoint, as it sets the tone for the rest of the building.

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the view that a person consists of a body and a separable soul.

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this view teaches that the soul and body are distinct but inseparable, much as the bubbling of a brook is distinct but not separable from the brook. Mental events are caused by physical events in the brain but have no effects upon any physical events.

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a theory of the mind developed largely as an alternative to both the identity theory of mind and behaviourism. Its core idea is that mental states are constituted solely by their functional role — that is, they are causal relations to other mental states, sensory inputs, and behavioral outputs.

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a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do can and should be regarded as behaviors. The behaviorist school of thought maintains that behaviors as such can be described scientifically without recourse either to internal physiological events or to hypothetical constructs such as the mind.

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a group of exercises for the arms.

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movement of the head, shoulders, and upper torso.

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all body parts in correct relative position with one another.

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exercises that help develop coordination, control, and balance. This is practiced by alternating feet.

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the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. 

epistemology: a sharp distinction between what is knowable, but only provisionally real, and what is unknowable, but really real. These are called the phenomenon and the noumenon, respectively.

metaphysics: a profound skepticism about the really real world, inclusive of questions of the existence of a God, or of human free will, or of immortality.

ethics: the only good thing is a good will, or that what makes an action right or wrong is the intention behind it, no matter what its consequences.

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an ethical principle is true if it appears to be true to a person with the necessary insight, independently of its consequences.

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emphasizes the virtues, or moral character, in contrast to the approach which emphasizes duties or rules or the consequences of actions.

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concerned with the question of virtue of character, the acquisition of which is in turn aimed at living well and eudaimonia, a Greek word often translated as well-being or happiness. In other words, ethics is a systematic study of how individuals should best live. The original Aristotelian and Socratic answer to the question of how best to live was to live the life of philosophy and contemplation.

rejects that notion that the predicate, "is true," describes a claim. Instead, "is true," performs the function of showing that a speaker agrees with a claim. A performative utterance is a sentence which is not true or false but instead 'happy' or 'unhappy', and which is uttered in the performance of an illocutionary act, rather than used to state something.

DS al fine

or del segno a fine

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repeat to the sign and play till the end.

DC al fine

or Da Capo al fine

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repeat to the beginning and play till the end.

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a section found at the end of a song used as a closing.

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a sign at the beginning or end of a section directed to be repeated.

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musical notes occurring in a rhythmic figure which are purposely deemphasized, often to the point of near silence.

Robert Motherwell

(January 24, 1915 – July 16, 1991)

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an American abstract expressionist painter and printmaker. He was one of the youngest of the New York School, which also included Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Philip Guston.

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a phrase, popularly translated as "seize the day," from a Latin poem by Horace that has become an aphorism. The ode says that the future is unforeseen, and that instead one should scale back one's hopes to a brief future, and drink one's wine.

Ruth St. Denis

(January 20, 1879 – July 21, 1968)

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an early modern dance pioneer.

Ted Shawn

(21 October 1891 — 9 January 1972)

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one of the first notable male pioneers of American modern dance. Along with creating Denishawn with former wife Ruth St. Denis, he is also responsible for the creation of the well known all-male company Ted Shawn and His Men Dancers. With his innovative ideas of masculine movement he is one of the most influential choreographers and dancers of his day.

Aaron Copland

(November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990)

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an American classical composer, composition teacher, writer, and later in his career a conductor of his own and other American music. He was instrumental in forging a distinctly American style of composition. He is best known to the public for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 40s in a deliberately more accessible style than his earlier pieces, including the ballets Appalachian Spring, Billy the Kidd, Rodeo and Fanfare for the Common Man. The open, slowly changing harmonies of many of his works are archetypical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit.

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a ballet scored by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled "The Courting at Burnt Ranch," the ballet consists of five sections: "Buckaroo Holiday", "Ranch House Party", "Corral Nocturne", "Saturday Night Waltz", and "Hoe-Down".

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massive monuments built in the ancient Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having the form of a terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels.

The Decalogue

or Ten Commandments

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religious and moral imperatives said to be given to Moses by the Abrahamic God and in the form of two stone tablets.

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a hall with a flat ceiling which is supported by columns.

Pilotis

or piers

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supports such as columns, pillars, or stilts that lift a building above ground or water.

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an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait for someone named Godot. It was voted "the most significant English language play of the 20th century."

Samuel Barclay Beckett

(13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989)

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an Irish avant-garde writer, dramatist and poet, writing in English and French. Beckett's work offers a bleak outlook on human culture and both formally and philosophically became increasingly minimalist in his later career.

Beckett is considered one of the last modernists as well as one of the first postmodernists. As one of the key writers of the"Theatre of the Absurd," he is regarded as one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.

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people or works that are experimental or innovative, particularly with respect to art, culture, and politics.

The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman

or Tristram Shandy

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a novel by Laurence Sterne. The first is the plot sequence that includes Tristram's conception, birth, christening, and accidental circumcision. The story occurs as a series of accidents, all of which seem calculated to confound Walter Shandy's hopes and expectations for his son. The second major plot consists of the fortunes of Tristram's Uncle Toby.

Laurence Sterne

(24 November 1713 – 18 March 1768)

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an Irish novelist and an Anglican clergyman. He is best known for his novels The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, and A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy; but he also published many sermons, wrote memoirs, and was involved in local politics.

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a burial chamber located below the main body of a church.