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| Ruler of France during the revolution; ended up being executed in 1793 |
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| Louis XVI wife, Joseph II sister, and Maria Theresa's daughter; executed in 1793 |
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| Ancient Ruler, French political system |
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| Wealthy and educated people without power; part of third estate |
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| Meeting of the three different estates; First clergy, second nobility, and third peasants |
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| Oath signed by the the third estate that marked a pivotal point in the French Revolution; stated that they would not leave until they wrote a constitution |
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| The National & Constitutional Assemblies |
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| What became of the third estate after the tennis court oath |
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| The Storming of the Bastille |
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| Big event of French Revolution; peasants storm prison in Paris and let the seven prisoners go; more of a symbol than an actual event |
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| Declaration of the Rights of Man/Citizen |
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| Fundamental document of French Revolution; becomes preamble to constitution |
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| Huge group of women marched from Paris to Versailles to demand food for Paris, and got Louis XVI to go and stay in Paris until his execution |
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| Storming of Tuileries Palace |
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| Taken over by san culottes, important somehow |
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| Radical and left-wing peasants; most influential group during the first stage of the revolution; essentially poor jacobins; San culottes literally 'without breeches' |
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| Most radical and left-wing political group during the revolution; ended up creating the Teror |
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| Member and basically leader of Estates General, also a Jacobin; claimed to support social contract, but used violence to enforce it |
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| Committee of Public Safety |
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| Government that ruled during the Terror; comprised mainly of Jacobins |
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| Period from 1793-1794 created by fighting between girondins and jacobins |
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| Symbol of the revolution in France; killed Louis XVI and was very popular form of killing in general |
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| January 21, 1793 in revolution square by guillotine |
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| Revolt during French Revolution against the Terror |
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| Ruler of France from 1795-1799 during/after the revolution |
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| A form of absolute monarchy in which rulers pushed enlightened ideas |
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| Ruled Prussia from 1740-1786; great military leader and led the first partition of Poland |
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| Originally Catherine II, she was the second greatest ruler in Russian history; ruled from 1762-1796 and was an enlightened despot |
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| Meant to replace old Code of Laws; started by Catherine II and modeled after French enlightenment |
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| Rebellion in Russia led by Pugachev, who began ruling at the same time as Catherine II; largest peasant revolt in Russian history |
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| Ruled Holy Roman Empire from 1745-1765; only female to rule HRE and gave birth to 16 children, including Marie Antoinette, Leopold II, and Joseph II; not tolerant of religions |
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| Holy Roman Emperor from 1765-1790; Maria Theresa's son and Marie Antoinette's brother; proponent of enlightened absolutism |
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| Three stages of when Poland was gobbled from 1772-1795 |
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| Enlightenment intellectuals in Western Europe |
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| Tabular rasa- 'mind blank slate at birth'; liberalism |
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| Father of modern philosophy; |
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| Wrote Candide; known for attacks of Catholic Church and advocacy of freed of speech, expression, and separation of church and state |
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| Political thinker that developed idea of separation of powers; added despotism to political lexicon |
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| Philosopher who influenced the French Revolution; helped develop modern political, sociological, and educational thought |
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| Father of penology and criminology; condemned torture and the death penalty |
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| Idea developed by French economists that the wealth of nations is derived from the value of land development; first well-developed theory in economics |
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| Wrote The Wealth of Nations; father of modern economics |
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| Belief that reason and observation of the world are sufficient to determine the existent of God |
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| Diderot, The Encyclopedia |
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| Revolutionary dictionary credited by Diderot; published enlightenment ideas |
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| Reform, Revolt, and Revolution |
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Reform- make changes in order to improve it
Revolt- rise in rebellion
Revolution- a forcible overthrow of a government |
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