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| the four seasons "spring" |
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| jesu, joy of man's desiring |
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| Ancient Greek Festivals were dedicated to... |
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| What was the incentive to perform? |
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| Cities would give rewards to citizens for the best portrayal which led to acting |
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| 1st actor to step out of the chorus and play and individual character |
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| Thespians were named after who? |
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• Thespis: 1st actor to step out of the chorus and play and individual character
o Thespians named in his honor |
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| Responsibilities of a Chorus: |
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o Represent the townspeople
o Fill in details of the plot
o Play an objective role
o Music and dance |
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| ancient and sophisticated |
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| What was given to Greek performers? |
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| Prizes were given to the best performances (usually and laurel wreath) |
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| What 2 genres came from Greek theatre? |
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| Which genre of Greek performance was free? Which was crude and women were not allowed to attend? |
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Tragedies were free to attend (helped bring a community spirit and to scare people away from human flaws like pride)
Comedies were lewd |
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| Characteristics of all Greek Theatre |
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o All people wore masks
o Only men (women were played by young boys [higher voices])
o If they hated it they threw tomatoes at the stage
o All plays took place in 24 hours |
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| Tragedy literally means goat song |
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| Mimesis of a Praxis means |
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| “imitation of universal action” |
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| Characteristics of a good Tragedy: |
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• Illustrated by Aristotle in “The Poeticts”
• Something everyone can relate to (themes)
• We need to feel a part of the play
• Aristotle’s Poetics “a recipe for good drama” |
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Tragedy Comedy
Noblebirth Low social status
Reversal of Fortune Reversal of Fortune
(good to bad) (bad to good)
Force that causes the Force that causes the reversal reversal of fortune: FATE of fortune: LUCK |
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| In a tragedy the main character is born of |
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| In a comedy the main character is born |
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| In a tradgey the plot comes by |
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Reversal of Fortune
(good to bad) |
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| In a comedy the plot develops because of |
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Reversal of Fortune
(bad to good) |
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| Force that causes the reversal of fortune in a tragedy |
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| Force that causes a reversal of fortune in a Comedy |
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| a recipe for a good drama |
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| In a tragedy, is the hero without flaws? |
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| The tragic hero, born of noble birth, not without flaws |
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| called the “tragic flaw” a characteristic or action that the tragic hero has or does that causes his reveral of fortune |
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| What is often the hamartia? |
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| If the praxis is good what will is produce? |
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| If the praxis a good one, it will produce catharsis (to medicate or purify) |
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| What are by products of tragedies? |
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• Aelios: pity
• Phobos: fear |
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| tragic or comic hero (usually the title of the play) |
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| 2nd most important, opposing the protagonist |
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| make us notice something in the protagonist |
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| big speech of a drama, actor or actress really shines, protagonist alone (they talk out loud to themselves) |
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| comic, secret to the audience, someone comes to the side and tells the audience something |
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• Exposition: set up the scene, who, where, when, intro
• Complication: problem is seen
• Climax/crisis: moment of greatest intensity, you don’t know who will live and who will die
• Denouement: final unraveling of the plot (wedding) |
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| set up the scene, who, where, when, intro |
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| moment of greatest intensity, you don’t know who will live and who will die |
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| final unraveling of the plot (wedding) |
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| What is the medium of our day? |
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Individual photographs run together (happens because of 2 reasons)
o Persistence of vision: the image stays on our retina a fraction of a second longer than the picture is actually there
o Phiphenomena: creates movement when individual scenes run together |
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| the image stays on our retina a fraction of a second longer than the picture is actually there |
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| creates movement when individual scenes run together |
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man who stopped time (took the first picture of motion: his horse in mid air)
o June 15, 1878 Abe Edington (horse name) |
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first public film screening (commercial films)
o December 28, 1895: 10 short films that lasted 20 minutes combined |
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Father of Special Effects in film (not very good at plot development)
o Used stop, trick, or substitution to fool people
o Most famous work: A Trip to the Moon (1902) |
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| 1st sound film or "talkie" |
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| came in 1927 “The Jazz Singer” |
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| frames per second for a silent film |
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| 16 frames per second- silent speed |
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| Frames for second for sound |
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| 24 frames per second for sound |
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o Montage
o Cinematography
o Pan (from Panorama)
o Cross Cutting
o Form cut or match cut
o Direct Address
o Camera Angles |
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• The editing process (to the Europeans)
• Technique where brief moments are flashed for the viewer |
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| artistic element (visually appealing) to appeal to our atestics side they use different locations, times of day, lenses |
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| (from Panorama): one extreme to the other (usually left to right) (often used for battle scenes) |
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| cutting from one characters to another’s story then back and forth |
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| transition between 2 scenes using the shape of an object (circular usually) |
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| Character on film acknowledges an audience |
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• Eye level
• Low angle
• High angle
• Bird’s eye view
• Tracking |
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| films at eye level: nothing psychological is implied just an informational shot |
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| subject appears larger than life: symbolizing the subject is intimidating, powerful, or dangerous) |
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| subject appears smaller: symbolizing subject is weak, vulnerable, or small |
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| symbolizes death, fate or testimony |
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| track that moves with the character, like the camera is on a train track |
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| pioneered the camera angles and techniques to influence a viewers psychological feelings for the movie Citizen Kane |
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o 3 tenors in concert
o Opera highlights on CD
o Bizet’s Carmen
o Mozart’s magic Flute (Die Zauberflote) |
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| Plays where you sing in stead of speak! |
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o Jose Carrera
o Placido Domingo
o Lucianno Pavarotti |
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| big song of an opera, shows off the vocal dexterity of the performer and the compositional excellence of the composer |
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| written script of the opera |
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(1813-1883)
o German
o Romantic Era
o Violin and piano
o He believed:
• Art will send a message
• Musikdramen
• Gesamtkunstwerk
• Leitmotiv
• Used Northern European myths (with Vikings) |
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| all the art forms combined |
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| musical motifs that symbolizes a person or idea or thing (music that plays at Darth Vador walks into a scene) |
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| Wagner's most famous work |
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| Der Ringdes Nibelunger: known as “the Ring” (16 hours long) |
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o “Nessun Dorma” from Turandot by Puccini
o “Queen of the Night” from The Magic Flute by Mozart |
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| What is the formal name for musicals? |
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| Where does Music Theatre come from? |
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| Came from Opera to Vodville (Variety shows) |
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| is a form of entertainment featuring comedy, song, dance, and theatre, distinguished mainly by the performance venue- a restaurant or nightclub with a stage for performers and the audience sitting at tables (often dining or drinking) watching the performance. |
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| 1930-1949 Musical Theatre |
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| 1930-1940’s: fairy tale musicals called escapism (imaginary settings like the Wizard of Oz) |
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1950’s folk musical: all about reality (great plots, music, and character development like West Side Story, South Pacific, Okalahoma, My Fair Lady)
o Willing suspension of disbelief: things that aren’t realistic but we don’t care, it comes with the entertainment ( Because we accept that real life is not as fun)
o Spectacle, great sets, costumes |
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| Willing suspension of disbelief |
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| things that aren’t realistic but we don’t care, it comes with the entertainment ( Because we accept that real life is not as fun) |
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| Baroque Era Characteristics |
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o Major and Minor scales
o Symphony orchestra develops
o Most familiar instruments invented (no piano yet)
o Expression in music is primary endeavor (faith and religious)
o Emotions expressed through varying dynamics (volume of the piece) and tempo (rate of speed)
o Age of the Virtuoso: great composers are also great performers (masters of their instruments) |
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Germany- Keyboards
Major Works (theme of his music is his faith)
• Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring
• Brandenburg Concertos
• St. Matthew’s Passion
• Toccata and Fugue
• Air on the G String |
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| Germany/London: Keyboards |
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| Classical Era Characteristics |
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o Neoclassicism in the visual arts (classical)
o Time period emphasizing in perfection in form
o Pianoforte invented (soft- strong/loud)
o Mozart (1756-1791) |
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• Born in Salzburg
• Died in Vienna
• German Composer
• Mastered the piano by age 3 and violin by 5
• Composed his first symphony at 9
• Salzburg Symphony No. 1
• 1st Opera at 12
• When he was 16 he attended Allegri’s “Misere” in Rome and was able to go home and write out the entire symphony and corrected the mistakes after he had left the performance |
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• “Requiem” (Mass for the Dead)
• Die Zauberflote (The Magic Flute)
• 626 known works |
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| Romantic Era Characteristics |
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1. Nationalism (Music reflected country of its origin)
2. Interest in the occult
3. Individualism
4. Another age of the virtuoso
5. Intense emotional expression
6. Loved Nature
7. Beethoven |
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| Who created the transition between Classical Era and the Romanticism? How |
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| Beethoven created the transition between Classical era and Romanticism (His early music was purely classical while his later music was purely romantic) |
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| What nationality was Beethoven? |
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| What is the famous quote about Beethoven and who said it? |
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| "We all stand in the shadow of Beethoven" by Wagner |
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| Beethoven's works to know |
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“5th symphony”
(the hand of fate knocking at the door) –“I will take fate by the throat and I will shake it.” –Beethoven
Symphony #9 Ode to Joy |
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| What as Beethoven like as a person? |
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| Stormy, isolated, emotional person. Beaten by father who forced him to play music. |
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| Who was his first instructor? |
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| Haydn was his 1st instructor in Vienna who instantly recognized Beethoven’s genius |
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Beethoven doesn’t work well with people, he is mostly alone and sad about this, he’s unkept, he never cleans himself or his apartment but did well financially. At 29 he went deaf which calmed him down a little and he moved to the country to try and regain his hearing.At one point he realizes he won’t get his hearing back so he gets depressed and wants to commit suicide. He writes a letter to his brother and during the middle a remarkable change happens. He writes the above quote about fate and throws himself back into music.
i. At this time he writes his 5th Symphony
ii. After he writes Symphony #9
1. Schiller wrote a poem called Ode to Joy which Beethoven used as lyrics in Symphony #9 during the choral movement. |
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