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| A literary genre characterized by a story with a complicated and amusing plot that ends with a happy and peaceful resolution of all conflicts. Begins in misery, but ends in happiness. Concerned with private life. |
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| A serious and deeply moral drama, typically involving a noble protagonist brought down by hubris and describing a conflict between seemingly irreconcilable values or forces. Begins in happiness, but ends in misery. Deals with grand events. |
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| Is concerned with the spiritual development of its readers. |
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| Geoffery Chaucer (1340? - 1400) |
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| One of the earliest and greatest poets in English literary tradition. Was a page for the Countess of Ulster, served in the army, and was a civil servant and diplomat. |
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| Archbishop of Canterbury. Sent to Paris for his education and was killed on the altar of the cathedral. |
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Poet who composed in private. Attempted to create a great epic poem for the Romans with The Aeneid.
Dante's guide through the depths of Hell. |
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| Hildegard of Bingen (1098 - 1179) |
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A gifted woman who wrote music and books. Her music was full of divine light. She won the respect of male peers.
She was the founder and abbess of the Benedictine house near Bingen & Corresponded w/Eleanor of quitaine and various popes. |
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1. Lust
2. Envy
3. Anger
4. Dejection/sloth (sad, depressed state)
5. Gluttony (excess eating and drinking)
6. Avarice/Greed
7. Pride |
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| Unwritten rules of conduct well established by the 12th century. From the French "cheval" meaning horse. |
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| Roman Catholic lay religious communities. Independent communities of lay men & women. Est. in N.France but spread to Germany and the Netherlands. |
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| Est. by Eleanor of Aquitaine. Ladies were idealized. Inspired by much of secular literature, art, and music of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300AD) |
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| Dante Alighieri (1265 - 1321) |
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| Born in Florence. Divine Comedy sprung from his work. Vita Nuova written in 1291 about Beatrice. Florentine Political class had two factions: The Guelfs and the Ghibellines |
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| A professional joker or “fool” at a medieval court, typically wearing a cap with bells on it and carrying a mock scepter. |
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A genre of French literature that flourished in the 13th century and Chaucer choose to revive it. Was a popular medival tale.
Example: A rough man well versed in lying and cheating, relates how a young wife took on a lover and deceived her husband. |
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| One of the best known Old French poets of the 12th century that lived most of her adult life in England. She wrote the oldest surviving lays. |
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| Short lyric or narractive poem meant to be sung. Are stories of courtly love that often contain an adultress or conflicts. |
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a person in a condition of servitude, required to render services to a lord, commonly attached to the lord's land and transferred with it from one owner to another.
Worked for the lord in exchange for living on his land. |
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| Wife of King Henry II in England, in the 12th century. Est. courtly love |
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| a military and political system based on personal loyalty and kinship. Restored law and order in wester Europe, but lost power in the High Middle Ages. |
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| (in the feudal system) a person granted the use of land, in return for rendering homage, fealty, and usually military service or its equivalent to a lord or other superior; feudal tenant. |
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| second major even in 1215. Signed by King John. Was a document that limited royal authority and gave the barons certain financial and governmental controls over the crown. |
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| One of the two most powerful popes (with Gregory VII). Was the most powerful pontiff in the history of the church. He excommunicated kings; intervened in secular affairs; and advocated crustades against the Muslims. |
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Pope (1294-1303) that unwittingly undid the 3 centuries work of his predecessors to build papal power. Issued the papal bull (Unam sanctam)to proclaim papal superiority over all secular rulers.
French crown arrested him. He fleed and died soon thereafter.
Papacy did not fully recover until 16th cen. |
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A Dominican friar that taught in Paris. Created Thomism. Created Summa Theologica, one of his two summaries of Christian thought(Summas).
Claimed God gave humans 2 paths to truth:reason and faith. |
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| Early Medieval music that became the official liturgical music of the early church. Consisted of single melodic line sung by male voices in unison (monophony) without instrumental accompaniment. |
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Poems' composers at the educated feudal courts. Sand of extreme love.
They were often local nobles. |
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Associations formed by residents of urban areas to protect their special interests as the urban life became more competitive as the towns grew larger.
Example: artisan and craft guilds regulated working conditions, created apprenticeship programs, and set wages. |
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| The two major mendicant, or begging, orders, the Fransciscans and the Dominicans. |
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| Founded the Franciscans that had a great impact on medieval society. People found his piety, selflessness, and legendary humility the personification of a sublime Christian. |
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An Italian monk that modernized musical notation by inventing the musical staff, the set of 5 horizontal lines, and 4 intermediate spaces for the notes to be drawn on.
Named musical tones re, mi, fa, sol, and la to simplify music teaching. |
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| Paolo and Francesca (da Rimini) |
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| A pair of lovers condemned to the Second Circle of Hell for an adulterous love affair that they began after reading the story of Lancelot and Guinevere. |
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Her name is also Allison. Has been married 5 times. Her prologue is an "apologia" and it belongs to the traditino of the "old bawd."
She presents herself as someone who loves marriage and sex, but, from what we see of her, she also takes pleasure in rich attire, talking, and arguing. She is deaf in one ear and has a gap between her front teeth, which was considered attractive in Chaucer’s time. She has traveled on pilgrimages to Jerusalem three times and elsewhere in Europe as well. |
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The local parish clerk in the Miller’s Tale. He is foolish and more than a little bit vain.
He curls his hair, uses breath fresheners, and fancies Alison. (he ends up kissing her butt)
He turned into a criminal. |
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Alisoun is the sexy young woman married to the carpenter in the Miller’s Tale.
She willingly goes to bed with Nicholas, but she has only harsh words and obscenities for Absolon. |
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"Bad boy detective"
In the Miller’s Tale, Nicholas is a poor astronomy student who boards with an elderly carpenter, John, and the carpenter’s too-young wife, Alisoun. Nicholas dupes John and sleeps with Alisoun right under John’s nose, but Absolon, the foppish parish clerk, gets Nicholas in the end. |
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The dim-witted carpenter to whom Alison is married. Is jealous and possessive of her.
He gullibly believes Nicholas’s pronouncement that a second flood is coming, which allows Nicholas to sleep with John’s wife. |
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A wooden board or platter on which food is served or carved. |
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| A dining table in a dining-hall raised on a platform; seats are reserved for distinguished persons. |
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A member of the political party in medieval Italy and Germany that supported the sovereignty of the papacy against the German emperors: opposed to the Ghibellines.
or...
A member of a secret society in Italy in the early 19th century that opposed foreign rulers and reactionary ideas. |
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| The likelihood of something being true; plausibility. |
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Phrases which have
survived the old custom, in the houses of people of of placing a large saltcellar near the middle of a long
table, the places above which were assigned to the guests of distinction, and those below to dependents, inferiors, and poor relations. |
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| A legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot . |
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| A city in central Italy, on the River Arno in Tuscany: became an independent republic in the 14th century; under Austrian and other rule intermittently from 1737 to 1859; capital of Italy 1865–70. It was the major cultural and artistic centre of the Renaissance and is still one of the world's chief art centres. |
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In Southwark borough, Greater London, England. The inn, demolished in the 19th cent., was mentioned by Geoffrey Chaucer in the Prologue of the Canterbury Tales as the starting point of Chaucer's pilgrims.
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| The second part of Dante's Divine Comedy,following the Inferno, and preceding the Paradiso. |
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