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Human Structure and Function - Unit 3
cells
26
Medical
Undergraduate 3
09/03/2014

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Term
What is a cell?
Definition
Smallest unit of structure and function
Term
Plasma membrane
Definition
a thin covering which forms the outer boundary of the cell; keeps the cell intact; selectively permeable
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
semi-liquid material which makes up the cell; found between cell membrane and nucleus; where chemical reactions take place
Term
Nucleus
Definition
the control center of the cell; contains chromosomes, contains the nucleolous, bound by a double-layer nuclear membrane
Term
Oragnelles
Definition
Intracellular structures that have specific functions
Term
Phospholipids
Definition
allow lipid-soluable materials to enter or leave the cell by diffusion through the cell membrane
Term
Cholesterol
Definition
decreases the fluidity of the membrane, making it more stable
Term
Proteins
Definition
some form pores to permit passage of materials, some are carrier enyzymes which help substances enter the cell, some are markers to identify cells, some serve as receptor sites so hormones can bond to trigger chemical reactions
Term
What is the structure of DNA?
Definition
double-helix
Term
Where is DNA located?
Definition
in the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
network of membranous tubules, extend from nuclear membrane to cell membrane, passageway to transport materials for cell function
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Small structures made of protein and ribosomal RNA.
Some found on surface of Rough ER. Some float freely in cytoplasm
Site of protein synthesis.
Term
Golgi Apparatus
Definition
Series of flat membranous sacs.
Synthesize carbohydrates.
Secrete materials from cells.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Oval or spherical organelles.
Inner folds called "Cristae."
Site of ATP (energy) production.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Single membrane structures.
Contain digestive enzymes.
Digests bacteria, worn-out cell parts and dead cells.
Term
Centrioles
Definition
A pair of rod-shaped structures, perpendicular to each other.
Organize spindle fibers during cell division.
Term
Cilia
Definition
mobile thread-like projections throughout the cell membrane.
Beat in unison to sweep material across the cell surface.
*Fallopian tubes have ________ to sweep egg cells to the uterus.
Term
Flagellum
Definition
Mobile thread-like projections throughout the cell membrane.
Provides movement for sperm cells (only human cell with _________).
Term
Some proteins form _________ to permit passage of materials
Definition
pores
Term
Some proteins serve as ___________ __________ so hormones can bond to trigger chemical reactions
Definition
receptor sites
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum is a ________ to transport materials for _________ __________
Definition
passageway, cell function
Term
Ribosomes are the site of __________ synthesis
Definition
protein
Term
Golgi Apparatus synthesizes ____________
Definition
carbohydrates
Term
Mitochondria is the site of ________ (________) production
Definition
ATP, energy
Term
Lysosomes contain __________ enzymes
Definition
digestive
Term
Centrioles organize ________ fibers during _________ _________
Definition
spindle, cell division
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