Term
Basic Features of Cartilage |
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Definition
Perichondrium – Surrounds all cartilage
Matrix – Extracellular matrix
Lacunae – Cavities within the matrix which correlate to where condrocytes are housed |
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Term
Basic, Specialized Functions of Cartilage |
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Definition
1. Resistance to Compression
2. Smooth Areas for Reduced Friction with movement |
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Term
Typical form of Collage found in Cartilage |
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Definition
Type II (Resists Compression) |
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Term
Differences between ECM of Cartilage and "Regular" CT |
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Definition
1. Collogen Type (II vs. I)
2. Increased ratio of GAG's to Collogen |
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Term
The glycoproteins of ground substances serves what purpose? |
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Definition
These are adhesion molecules which connect cells, ECM, and other materials together in Cartilage. |
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Term
Describe Hyaline Cartilage |
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Definition
1. Found in fetus or growth plates of long bones
2. Resists compression (found in Trachea)
3. Reduces Friction (Cartilage found in Nose, Ribs |
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Term
Types of cells found in synovial fluid. |
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Definition
1. Modified Fibroblasts
2. Macrophages |
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Term
Pathology behind Osteoarthritis |
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Definition
Chondrocytes produced inflamatory cytokines, which recruit WBC's
This in turn causes: inhibition of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis and stimulates metalloproteases. |
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Term
Pathology behind Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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Definition
Inflamation of the synovial membrane due to WBC and cytokine recruitment. Causes the thickening of the synovial membrane. This reduces the motion of the joint and recruits metalleoproteases which degrade bone and cartilage. |
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Term
Describe Elastic Cartilage |
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Definition
Function: Flexible support
Structural Difference: Elastic fibers found in the matrix. |
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Term
Appositional Growth Entails:
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Definition
Litterally means "Growth Next To:"
In perichordium, the outer fibrous layer has Type I Collogen Fibroblasts, which differentiate into chondrogenic in the inner cellular layer. These become chondroblasts and then chondrocytes (once entrapped in a Lacunae) |
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Term
Interstitial Growth Entails: |
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Definition
Occurs when chondrocytes in Lacunae undergo mitosis, which produce a new matrix. |
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Term
Differnces of Fibrocartilage to other cartilages: |
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Definition
(1) No perichondrium
(2) Relatively little matrix
(3) Has Type I Collagen
Found in areas with lots of sheering / tensile stress |
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Term
Bone has two components, inorganic and organic, what is in each and what is the precentage of each? |
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Definition
Inorganic - Calcium (supplies density to bone), composes 65% of bone (can vary from 40% to 90% depending on bone)
Organic - Collage (90-95% of organic part), Proteoglycans, Sialoproteins, Glycoproteins, composes ~35% of bone |
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Term
What role do Proteoglycans play in bone? |
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Definition
Resist Compression Forces
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Term
What role do Sailoproteins play in bone? |
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Definition
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Term
What role do Osteonectin and Osteocalcin play in bone? |
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Definition
These are glycoproteins which bind collagen to the matrix. |
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Term
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Definition
The enternal surface of a bone.
Used for support
Cortical, Dense, any spaces are occupied by blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
Porous
Lighten's the bone
Accomodates the marrow |
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Term
Describe the basics of the Periosteum |
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Definition
Outer, fibrous layer – similar to dense regular CT
Inner cellular layer – osteogenic cells (bone lineage committed cells)
Endosteum – single cell layer responsible for bone repair or growth |
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Term
What type of cell and what is the function of cells within the Periosteum /Endosteum (Bone-Lining Cells) |
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Definition
Osteoblasts or Osteoprogenitory (Ambiguous)
Provide nutrition to osteocytes and produce osteoid. |
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Term
What are Sharpey's Fibers? |
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Definition
Bundles of Type I collagen that bind the periosteum to the bone. |
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Term
Identify the structures labeled below:
[image] |
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Definition
A - Haversion Canal
B - Osteon |
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Term
What is contained within a Haversion Canal? |
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Definition
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Term
What are concentric lamellae? |
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Definition
Concentric layers of bone surrounding a Haversion Canal. |
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Term
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Definition
Little canals found in the concentric Lamellae, which have a source at the Haversion canal.
These allow for cell communication and nutrient supply. |
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Term
What is a Volksmann's Canal? |
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Definition
A perpendicular canal (similar to a Haversion canal) which connects the blood supplies of the Haversion Canals. |
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Term
How are nutrients and O2 supplied to Hyaline Cartillage. |
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Definition
Diffusion thru the extensive ECM, large ratios of GAG's facillitate this movement. |
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Term
Locations of Hyaline Cartilage |
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Definition
Trachea Rings
Nasal Cavity Cartilages
Costal Cartilages of Rib Cage |
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Term
Locations of Elastic Cartilage |
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Definition
Pinna of External Ear
Auditory Tube
Cartilages of Larynx (Epiglottis, Corniculate and Cuneiform Cartilages)
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Term
Locations of Fibrocartilage |
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Definition
Intervertebral Discs
Symphysis Pubis
Menisci
Insertions of Tendons |
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Term
Why is fibrocartilage used in the areas it is present instead of other cartillage and fibers? |
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Definition
This is a combination of Dense Regular CT and Hyaline cartilage.
Contains Type I and II collagen fibrils, which is more resistant to compression, sheering, or tensile forces. |
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Term
What kind of living structures would you expect to find in a Haversion Canal? |
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Definition
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Term
What kind of structures would you expect to find in a Volkmann's Canal? |
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Definition
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Term
What kind of structures would you expect to find in Canaliculi? |
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Definition
Cytoplasmic projections of an Osteocyte for movement of waste, nutrients, and cell signalling. |
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Term
What is the functional role of an osteoclast ruffled border? |
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Definition
Increases surface area, allows for increased exchange rates |
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Term
What are Interstitial Lamellae? |
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Definition
Layers of bone that do not belong to a Osteon |
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Term
What is the Outer Circumflexial Lamellae? |
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Definition
Layer of bone on the exterior surface, which forms a collar around the bone (plays a major role in development) |
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Term
What are Inner Circumflexial Lamellae? |
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Definition
Differenly patterned lamellae which encircle the marrow cavity of bone. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Secret Osteoid
2. Mineralized bone
3. Recruit and Formation of Osteoclasts
4. Binds Free Calcium |
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Term
Identify the tissue below and the structures labeled.
[image] |
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Definition
Hyaline Cartilage
A - Chondrocyte
B - Territorial Matrix
C - Interterritorial Matrix
D - Lacunae |
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Term
Identify the tissue in the upper left of the slide and the labeled items.
[image] |
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Definition
Perichondrium (CT)
A - Chondroprogenitor Cell
B - Chondroblast |
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Term
Identify the tissue below:
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Identify the major tissue in the slide below, and the tissue surrounding it.
[image] |
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Definition
Center - Elastic Cartilage
Surrounding - Perichondrium |
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Term
Identify the tissues below:
[image] |
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Definition
A - Hyaline Cartilage
B - Elastic Cartilage |
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Term
Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.
Identify the labeled items.
[image] |
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Definition
Ground Bone
A - Haversian Canal
B - Lacunae
C - Haversian Canal
D - Circumferential Lamellae
E - Canaliculi
F - Interstitial Lamellae |
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Term
Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.
[image] |
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Definition
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Term
Why do canaliculi evident in decalcified bone? |
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Definition
The decalcification process removes all soft tissues, because canaliculi are projections of a osteocyte's cytoplasm it is degraded. |
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