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Human Structure - Histology - Connective Tisue and Bone
Lab and Lecture Information for CT and Bone
48
Microbiology
Graduate
09/23/2009

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Basic Features of Cartilage
Definition

Perichondrium – Surrounds all cartilage

Matrix – Extracellular matrix

Lacunae – Cavities within the matrix which correlate to where condrocytes are housed

Term
Basic, Specialized Functions of Cartilage
Definition

1. Resistance to Compression

2. Smooth Areas for Reduced Friction with movement

Term
Typical form of Collage found in Cartilage
Definition
Type II (Resists Compression)
Term
Differences between ECM of Cartilage and "Regular" CT
Definition

1. Collogen Type (II vs. I)

2. Increased ratio of GAG's to Collogen

Term
The glycoproteins of ground substances serves what purpose?
Definition
These are adhesion molecules which connect cells, ECM, and other materials together in Cartilage.
Term
Describe Hyaline Cartilage
Definition

1. Found in fetus or growth plates of long bones

2. Resists compression (found in Trachea)

3. Reduces Friction (Cartilage found in Nose, Ribs

Term
Types of cells found in synovial fluid.
Definition

1. Modified Fibroblasts

2. Macrophages

Term
Pathology behind Osteoarthritis
Definition

Chondrocytes produced inflamatory cytokines, which recruit WBC's

 

This in turn causes: inhibition of collagen and proteoglycan synthesis and stimulates metalloproteases.

Term
Pathology behind Rheumatoid Arthritis
Definition
Inflamation of the synovial membrane due to WBC and cytokine recruitment.  Causes the thickening of the synovial membrane.  This reduces the motion of the joint and recruits metalleoproteases which degrade bone and cartilage.
Term
Describe Elastic Cartilage
Definition

Function: Flexible support

 

Structural Difference: Elastic fibers found in the matrix.

Term

Appositional Growth Entails:

 

Definition

Litterally means "Growth Next To:"

 

In perichordium, the outer fibrous layer has Type I Collogen Fibroblasts, which differentiate into chondrogenic in the inner cellular layer.  These become chondroblasts and then chondrocytes (once entrapped in a Lacunae)

Term
Interstitial Growth Entails:
Definition
Occurs when chondrocytes in Lacunae undergo mitosis, which produce a new matrix.
Term
Differnces of Fibrocartilage to other cartilages:
Definition

(1) No perichondrium

(2) Relatively little matrix

(3) Has Type I Collagen

 

Found in areas with lots of sheering / tensile stress

Term
Bone has two components, inorganic and organic, what is in each and what is the precentage of each?
Definition

Inorganic - Calcium (supplies density to bone), composes 65% of bone (can vary from 40% to 90% depending on bone)

 

Organic - Collage (90-95% of organic part), Proteoglycans, Sialoproteins, Glycoproteins, composes ~35% of bone

Term
What role do Proteoglycans play in bone?
Definition

Resist Compression Forces

 

Term
What role do Sailoproteins play in bone?
Definition
Bind cells to the matrix
Term
What role do Osteonectin and Osteocalcin play in bone?
Definition
These are glycoproteins which bind collagen to the matrix.
Term
Describe compact bone
Definition

The enternal surface of a bone.

 

Used for support

 

Cortical, Dense, any spaces are occupied by blood vessels.

Term
Describe Spongy Bone
Definition

Porous

 

Lighten's the bone

 

Accomodates the marrow

Term
Describe the basics of the Periosteum
Definition

Outer, fibrous layer – similar to dense regular CT

Inner cellular layer – osteogenic cells (bone lineage committed cells)

Endosteum – single cell layer responsible for bone repair or growth

Term
What type of cell and what is the function of cells within the Periosteum /Endosteum (Bone-Lining Cells)
Definition

Osteoblasts or Osteoprogenitory (Ambiguous)

 

Provide nutrition to osteocytes and produce osteoid.

Term
What are Sharpey's Fibers?
Definition
Bundles of Type I collagen that bind the periosteum to the bone.
Term

Identify the structures labeled below:

[image]

Definition

A - Haversion Canal

B - Osteon

Term
What is contained within a Haversion Canal?
Definition
A blood vessel
Term
What are concentric lamellae?
Definition
Concentric layers of bone surrounding a Haversion Canal.
Term
What are Canaliculi?
Definition

Little canals found in the concentric Lamellae, which have a source at the Haversion canal.

 

These allow for cell communication and nutrient supply.

Term
What is a Volksmann's Canal?
Definition
A perpendicular canal (similar to a Haversion canal) which connects the blood supplies of the Haversion Canals.
Term
How are nutrients and O2 supplied to Hyaline Cartillage.
Definition
Diffusion thru the extensive ECM, large ratios of GAG's facillitate this movement.
Term
Locations of Hyaline Cartilage
Definition

Trachea Rings

Nasal Cavity Cartilages

Costal Cartilages of Rib Cage

Term
Locations of Elastic Cartilage
Definition

Pinna of External Ear

Auditory Tube

Cartilages of Larynx (Epiglottis, Corniculate and Cuneiform Cartilages)

 

Term
Locations of Fibrocartilage
Definition

Intervertebral Discs

Symphysis Pubis

Menisci

Insertions of Tendons

Term
Why is fibrocartilage used in the areas it is present instead of other cartillage and fibers?
Definition

This is a combination of Dense Regular CT and Hyaline cartilage.

 

Contains Type I and II collagen fibrils, which is more resistant to compression, sheering, or tensile forces.

Term
What kind of living structures would you expect to find in a Haversion Canal?
Definition
Blood Vessels
Term
What kind of structures would you expect to find in a Volkmann's Canal?
Definition
Blood Vessels
Term
What kind of structures would you expect to find in Canaliculi?
Definition
Cytoplasmic projections of an Osteocyte for movement of waste, nutrients, and cell signalling.
Term
What is the functional role of an osteoclast ruffled border?
Definition
Increases surface area, allows for increased exchange rates
Term
What are Interstitial Lamellae?
Definition
Layers of bone that do not belong to a Osteon
Term
What is the Outer Circumflexial Lamellae?
Definition
Layer of bone on the exterior surface, which forms a collar around the bone (plays a major role in development)
Term
What are Inner Circumflexial Lamellae?
Definition
Differenly patterned lamellae which encircle the marrow cavity of bone.
Term
Osteoblast Functions:
Definition

1. Secret Osteoid

2. Mineralized bone

3. Recruit and Formation of Osteoclasts

4. Binds Free Calcium

Term

Identify the tissue below and the structures labeled.

[image]

Definition

Hyaline Cartilage

A - Chondrocyte

B - Territorial Matrix

C - Interterritorial Matrix

D - Lacunae

Term

Identify the tissue in the upper left of the slide and the labeled items.

 [image]

Definition

Perichondrium (CT)

A - Chondroprogenitor Cell

B - Chondroblast

Term

Identify the tissue below:

[image]

Definition
Elastic Cartilage
Term

Identify the major tissue in the slide below, and the tissue surrounding it.

[image]

Definition

Center - Elastic Cartilage

Surrounding - Perichondrium

Term

Identify the tissues below:

[image]

Definition

A - Hyaline Cartilage

B - Elastic Cartilage

Term

Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.

 

Identify the labeled items.

[image]

Definition

Ground Bone

A - Haversian Canal

B - Lacunae

C - Haversian Canal

D - Circumferential Lamellae

E - Canaliculi

F - Interstitial Lamellae

Term

Please give a name to the slide below which describes both its preparation and tissue.

[image]

Definition
Decalcified Compact Bone
Term
Why do canaliculi evident in decalcified bone?
Definition
The decalcification process removes all soft tissues, because canaliculi are projections of a osteocyte's cytoplasm it is degraded.
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