Latissimus Dorsi:

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Vertebral Spines from T7 to the sacrum, posterior third of the iliac crest, lower 3 or 4 ribs, sometimes the inferior angle of the scapula.

Insertion: Floor of the intertubercular groove.

Latissimus Dorsi:

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Thoracodorsal Nerve (C7/8)

Vasculature: Thoracodorsal Artery

Latissimus Dorsi:

Action

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Actions:

Primary: Extends the arm

Secondary: Rotates the arm medially

Levator Scapulae:

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Transverse process of C1-C4

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, superior to the spine

Levator Scapulae:

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature:  Dorsal Scapular Artery

Levator Scapulae:

Action

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Action

Elevates the scapula

Rhomboid Major:

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Spinous process of T2-T5

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the spine

Rhomboid Major

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature: Dorsal Scapular Artery

Rhomboid Major

Action

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Action

Retracts, Elevates, and Rotates the Scapula Inferiorly

Rhomboid Minor

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Spinous process of C7-T1, Ligamentum nuchae

Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, proximal to the root of the spine

Rhomboid Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5)

Vasculature: Dorsal Scapular Artery

Rhomboid Minor

Action

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Action

Retacts, Elevates, and Rotates the Scapula Inferiorly.

Serratus Anterior

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Ribs 1 thru 8 or 9

Insertion: Costal medial border of Scapula

Serratus Anterior

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7)

Vasculature: Lateral Thoracic Artery

Serratus Anterior

Action

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Action

Primary: Draws the Scapula Forward

Secondary: Rotates the Scapula Superiorly

Trapezius

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12

Insertion: Lateral third of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion and the upper crest of the scapular spine

Trapezius

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Accessory Nerve (XI)

Vasculature: Transverse Cervical Artery

Trapezius

Action

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Action

Elevates and depresses the scapula (depending on which part of the muscle contracts)

Rotates the scapula superiorly

Retracts scapula

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Pisiform

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (C8 & T1)

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Action

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Action

Abducts the 5th Digit

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Recurrent branch of the median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial plamar branch of the radial artery

Abductor Pollicis Brevis

Action

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Action

Abducts the thumb

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Middle one-third of the posterior surface of the radius, interosseous membrane, mid-portion of posterolateral ulna

Insertion: Radial base of the first metacarpal

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep branch of the Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Action

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Action

Abducts the thumb at carpometacarpal joint

Adductor Pollicis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin:

Oblique head - capitate and base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Transverse head - shaft of the 3rd metacarpal

Insertion: Base of thumb's proximal phalanx

Adductor Pollicis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Deep palmar arch

Adductor Pollicis

Action

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Action

Adducts the thumb

Anconeus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Lateral Epicondyle

Insertion: Lateral olecranon and superior fourth of the ulna

Anconeus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Radial nerve

Vasculature: Interosseus Reccurent Artery

Anconeus

Action

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Action

Extends the forearm

Stabalizes the arm during rotation

Biceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

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Origin:

Short head - tip of the coracoid process

Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Biceps Brachii

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve

Vasculature: Brachial Artery

Biceps Brachii

Action

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Action

Primary: Flexes the forearm / arm

Secondary: Supinates the arm

Brachialis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Anterior surface of the lower one-half of the humerus and the associated intermuscular septa

Insertion: Coronoid process

Brachialis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5,6)

Vasculature: Brachial and Radial Recurrent Arteries

Brachialis

Action

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Action

Flexes the forearm

Brachioradialis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Lateral Sypracondylar Ridge

Insertion: Styloid of Radius

Brachioradialis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Radial Recurrent

Brachioradialis

Action

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Action

Primary: Flexes the Elbow

Secondary: Pronation and Supenation

Coracobrachialis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Coracoid Process

Insertion: Medial mid-shaft of humerus

Coracobrachialis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5/6)

Vasculature: Brachial Artery

Coracobrachialis

Action

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Action

Flexes and adducts the arm

Deltoid

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion, the lower lip of the crest of the spine of the scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid:

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Axillary Nerve (C5/6)

Vasculature: Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery

Deltoid

Action

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Action

Primary: Abducts arm

Secondary: Flex & medially rotate the arm as well as Extend & laterally rotate the arm

Dorsal Interosseous

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Four muscles, each arising from two adjacent metacarpal shafts

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx and the extensor expansion on lateral side of the 2nd digit, lateral & medial sides of the 3rd digit, and medial side of the 4th digit

Dorsal Interosseous

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve

Vasculature: Dorsal and Palmar Metacarpal Arteries

Dorsal Interosseous

Action

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Action

Flex the metacarpophalangeal joint, Extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2-4, abduct digits 2-4

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common extensor tendon

Insertion: Base of 3^rd Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Radial Artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Action

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Action

Primary: Extends the Wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Base of the 2^nd Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vaculature: Radial Artery

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Action

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Action

Primary: Extend the wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Medial base of the 5^th Metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

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Action

Primary: Extends the wrist

Secondary: Adducts the hand

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: Joins the extensor digitorum tendon to the 5th digit and inserts into the extensor expansion

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Interosseus Radial Artery

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Action

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Action

Extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit

Extensor Digitorum

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common Extensor Tendon

Insertion: extensor expansion of digits 2-4

Extensor Digitorum

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous and Interosseous Recurrent Arteries

Extensor Digitorum

Action

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Action

Primary: Extends the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-4th digits

Secondary: Extends wrist

Extensor Indicis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Interosseous membrane and the posterolateral surface of the distal ulna

Insertion: Joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the second digit; both tendons insert into the extensor expansion

Extensor Indicis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Indicis

Action

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Action

Extends the Finger

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Interosseous membrane and the posterior surface of the distal radius

Insertion: Base of thumbs proximal phalanx

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Action

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Action

Extends thumb at MCP Joint

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Interosseous membrane and middle part of the posterolateral surface of the ulna

Insertion: Base of thumb's distal phalanx

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Posterior Interosseous Artery

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Action

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Action

Extends thumb and IP Joint

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common Flexor Tendon

Insertion: Base of 2^nd and 3^rd metecarpal

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Action

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Action

Primary: Flexes the wrist

Secondary: Abducts the hand

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common flexor tendon & medial border of olecranon & upper 2/3 of the posterior border of the ulna

Insertion: Pisiform, hook of hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Ulnar Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action

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Action

Primary: Flexes the wrist

Secondary: Adducts the hand

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of 5^th digit

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Ulnar Nerve

Vasculatuer: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Action

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Action

Flexes the MCP and the carpometacarpal joint of the 5^th digit

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Posterior border of the ulna, proximal two-thirds of medial border of ulna, interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median Nerve (Digits 2 and 3) and Ulnar Nerve (Digits 4 and 5)

Vasculature: Ulnar and Anterior Interosseous Arteries

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Action

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Action

Flexes the MCP, PIP and DIP joints

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common flexor tendon and middle 1/3 of radius

Insertion: Shafts of the middle phalanges of digits 2-5

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar Artery

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Action

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Action

Flexes the MCP and PIP joints

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of first digit

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Recurrent branch of the median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

Flexor Pollicis Brevis

Action

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Action

Flexes the MCP and the carpometacapal joints

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Anterior surface of the radius and the interosseous membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median Nerve

Vasculater: Anterior interosseous artery

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Action

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Action

Flexes the MCP and IP joints of the thumb

Infraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle

Infraspinatus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve

Vasculature: Suprascapular Artery

Infraspinatus

Action

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Action

Lateral rotation of the arm

Palmar Interosseous

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: (3 muscles) Palmar shaft of metacarpals 2, 4, and 5

Insertion: Base of the proximal phalanx and extensor expansion of the medial side of digit 2, and lateral side of digits 4 & 5

Palmar Interosseous

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Palmar metacarpal arteries

Palmar Interosseous

Action

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Action

Flexes MCP, extends IP, and adducts digists 2, 4, and 5

Lumbrical

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus tendons of digits 2-5

Insertion: Extensor expansion on the radial side of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5

Lumbrical

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median nerve (radial 2) via palmar digital nerves & ulnar nerve (ulnar 2) via deep branch

Vasculature: Superficial palmar arch

Lumbrical

Action

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Action

Flexes MCP and extends IP joints of digits 2-5

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Shaft of 5th metacarpal

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Opponens Digiti Minimi

Action

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Action

Opposes the fifth digit

Opponens Pollicis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Trapezium and flexor retinaculum

Insertion: Shaft of first metacarpal

Opponens Pollicis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Recurrent branch of median nerve

Vasculature: Superficial palmar branch of the radial artery

Opponens Pollicis

Action

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Action

Opposes the thumb

Palmaris Brevis

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Fascia overlying the hypothenar eminence

Insertion: Skin of the palm near the ulnar border of the hand

Palmaris Brevis

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Palmaris Brevis

Action

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Action

Draws the skin towards the palm

Palmaris Longus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common flexor tendon

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar artery

Palmaris Longus

Action

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Action

Flexes the wrist

Pectoralis Major

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Medial 1/2 of the clavicle, manubrium & body of sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6, sometimes from the rectus sheath of the upper abdominal wall

Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle

Pectoralis Major

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Vasculature: Pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery

Pectoralis Major

Action

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Action

Primary: Flexes and adducts the arm

Secondary: Rotates the arm medially

Pectoralis Minor

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Ribs 3 thru 5

Insertion: Coracoid process

Pectoralis Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve (C8 & T1)

Vasculature: Pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Pectoralis Minor

Action

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Action

Pulls the scapula forward and downward

Pronator Quadratus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Medial side of the anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the ulna

Insertion: Anterior surface of the distal one-fourth of the radius

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median nerve via the anterior interosseous nerve

Vasculature: Anterior interosseous artery

Pronator Quadratus

Action

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Pronator Teres

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Common flexor tendon

Insertion: Lateral mid-shaft of the radius

Pronator Teres

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Median nerve

Vasculature: Ulnar and Anterior Ulnar Recurrent arteries

Pronator Teres

Action

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Action

Pronates the forearm

Subclavius

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: First Rib

Insertion: Inferior surface of clavicle

Subclavius

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Nerve to subclavius (C5)

Vasculature: Clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial artery

Subclavius

Action

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Action

Draws the clavicle down and forward

Supinator

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Lateral epicondyle, supinator crest & fossa of the ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

Insertion: Lateral proximal third of the radius

Supinator

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Deep radial nerve

Vasculature: Recurrent interosseous artery

Supinator

Action

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Action

Supinates the forearm

Supraspinatus

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Highest facet of the greater tubercle

Supraspinatus

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Suprascapular Nerve (C5 and C6)

Vasculature: Suprascapular Artery

Supraspinatus

Action

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Action

Initiates abduction of the arm

Teres Major

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Dorsal side of the Inferior Angle

Insertion: Crest of Lesser Tubercle

Teres Major

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Lesser Subscapular Nerve (C5 & C6)

Vasculature: Circumflex Scapular Artery

Teres Major

Action

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Action

Primary: Adducts the arm, medially rotates the arm

Secondary: Assists in arm extension

Teres Minor

Origin and Insertion

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Origin: Superior 2/3's of Lateral Border of Scapula

Insertion: Lowest facet of Greater Tubercle

Teres Minor

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Axillary Nerve (C5 & C6)

Vasculature: Circumflex Scapular Artery

Teres Minor

Action

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Action

Laterally Rotates the Arm

Triceps Brachii

Origin and Insertion

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Origin:

Long Head - Infraglenoid tubercle

Lateral Head - Posterolateral humerus & lateral intermuscular septum (superior to the radial groove)

Medial Head - Posteromedial surface of the inferior 1/2 of the humerus (inferior to the radial groove)

Insertion: Olecranon Process

Triceps Brachii

Innervation and Vasculature

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Innervation: Radial Nerve

Vasculature: Deep Brachial Artery

Triceps Brachii

Action

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Action

Primary: Extends the forearm

Secondary: Extends and Adducts the Arm